Honda Environmental Leadership Essay

Honda Motor Co. is the largest motor cycle manufacturer and a leading automaker in the world. With a worldwide network of over 501 subsidiaries, Honda’s diverse portfolio includes small sized general purpose engines to scooters and sports cars. The philosophy of Honda Motor Co. is well entrenched with the Japanese culture of pursuing the ‘triple joys’. The triple joys reflect the joys of buying, selling and creating. The company has been particularly recognized world over for its initiatives in tackling environmental challenges. Although environmental concerns and need for reciprocative action became eminent in the mid 1980s, Honda’s efforts in this direction can be attributed to the 1960s when air pollution was first understood. The environmental leadership at Honda is deeply rooted in the company’s vision to be ‘a company that the society wants to exist’ (Honda Motors, 2010). Today people throughout the world have become conscious of the damages automobiles can do to our environment. Thus we see environment friendly automotive technologies emerging in response to uncovering environmental situation. The concept of Green Motoring has taken shape, which involves using alternative fuels in order to reduce air pollution. Among the efforts automotive manufacturers take to contribute to the environment, is the use of fuels generated from bio alcohols and bio mass. Green motoring is now focused on using hydrogen as a fuel (Green Field H 2008). The vision of the company is indeed too radical, at least with respect to environment protection. Wanting to see itself as an entity that the society doesn’t object, is indeed an unprecedented thought, reflecting its understanding of public thinking. This philosophy also highlights the importance it attaches to public perception of environmental degradation. The company seems to believe that the society will allow it to exist only if it is compliance with its expectations. It is therefore no wonder that Honda had taken a leadership role well ahead of its competitors, proactively. The environmental impact has been fully analyzed, encompassing its manufacturing process, the vehicles manufactured, the support activities like administration, transportation etc. The environment friendly initiatives are reflected in all its subsidiaries throughout the world. Honda seems to have made environmental concern a part of its global strategy. All Honda operations throughout the world, have a significant bearing with respect to environment protection for the countries in which they operate. Discussion Honda seeks to create new value by incorporating innovative ideas that reflect the changing needs. The company is committed to the future, by minimizing its effects on the environment and its intake of earth’s resources. A recent survey by DuPont and the Society of Automotive Industry (SAE) has identified environmental concerns as being the biggest challenge for the industry. According to Chris Murphy DuPont director, environmental considerations are transforming vehicle design and development and have become a differentiator in the marketplace. About 54% of the respondents saw fuel efficient vehicles with reduced environmental impact as being primary to the consumers (Laura 2008). On its part, Honda seeks to address climate change, produced due to higher concentration of CO2, CFC and other greenhouses gases. By introducing hybrid and fuel economizing technologies, CO2 emissions are not only reduced in Honda vehicles, but throughout its entire corporate activity. With regard to depletion of resources, Honda has been developing technologies, solar cell development and energy saving technologies. The company is well set to be ahead of the stipulations expected of it, as a vehicle manufacturer. The ongoing regulations are only expected to get tougher with time, and vehicle manufacturer in particular have to be well prepared to achieve the required standards. The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requires cars and SUVs to increase their fuel efficiency by about 4% each year. Thus by 2020, a fuel efficiency of about 35 miles per gallon has to be achieved (Crawley, 2007). The compliance of Honda to environmental concerns is evident from its 1972 development of the CVCC engine in compliance with the US Clean Air Act, which was the world’s toughest emission regulation of the time. The company pursued its development of catalytic converter and other such clean emission technologies in the last four decades resulting in its vehicles emissions being reduced to 1/1000 of its 1970 levels. Honda is currently promoting its Green Factory initiative worldwide, together with energy conservation and waste reduction initiatives in its non-production activities. About 324 subsidiaries including 224 non-manufacturing companies have been covered by this (Honda Motors, 2010). The direct and indirect energy consumption at Honda Motors is shown in Appendix 1, while region wise energy, water consumption and waste are shown in Appendix 2. The genuine efforts in wanting to pass a beautiful natural environment to the future generation is reflected in the company setting up its own independent goals and working towards the same. Some of the notable concepts in Honda environmental aspirations are: Green Vehicle development: Striving towards development of zero emission for all its vehicles, Honda became the first Japanese company to comply with the recent emission regulations. The company developed a special exhaust air injection system and a programmed system for fuel injection which is currently used in its VFR motorcycle. The company’s 50cc Giorno Crea scooter is highly fuel efficient and also environment friendly. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): Even as early as 1986, Honda had been involved in the development of a hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicle, today seen in the form of FCX Clarity FCEV. The car has been the result of two decades of work by Honda’s engineers, in an effort to truly preserve the earth’s environment. The car uses an electric motor and a fuel cell stack and does not emit any CO2. When the fuel cell stack was developed for the first time in 1999, it was too large and bulky. Through continuous research and development the fuel cell stack underwent transformation to become smaller and lighter and yet more powerful (American Honda, 2010). This in turn enabled the vehicle to become elegant and comfortable. The highlights of FCX Clarity FCEV are: †¢ Only water vapor emission †¢ Reduces carbon dioxide emissions significantly †¢ Certified as a zero emission vehicle (ZEV) Green Dealer: The Green dealer concept streamlines and enables efficient use of water, electricity and paper through continuous assessments and improvements of existing systems. The concept is directed at conservation of the environment and keeping the polluting activities to a minimum (HMSI, 2007). Creating an awareness of environment among the employees and the general public is also a part of this scheme. Goal setting: Honda’s efforts towards environmental preservation are reflected through individually defined targets. In 2006 it set emission reduction goals for CO2 emission, to be reached by 2010. In 2007 the company set targets for reducing environmental impact, also intended to be achieved by 2010. The company is on track to reach targets. The future is only getting tougher for the vehicle manufacturers, though Honda is firmly set to meet the required goals. While setting environmental goals for itself, across global operations, Honda has been too detailed in its approach. The company approached the environment problem from several perspectives. As part of its global environmental policy, Honda sets specific goals with regard to its Life Cycle Assessment System, by which the environmental impact is measured and analyzed. Apart from monitoring and reducing its emissions, it also studied and monitored the impact on environment due to its emissions. The company through its suppliers and partners, thus sought solutions through innovations and technologies, to look for ways to be in harmony with nature. Honda of Canada Manufacturing (HCM) was among the first auto manufacturers to receive the ISO 14001 certification. HCM today recycles about 99% of its production waste and is working towards 100% recycling (Cambridge Center Honda, 2010). The company is credited with bringing the first Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) to Canada. In 2003 when it started production of the Civic GX, the car was rated by the EPA as having the cleanest IC engine in the world. In 2002 March, Honda introduced the Honda life cycle assessment system (LCA) to estimate the environmental impact of its products. CO2 is one of the main elements that are monitored through this assessment of products, from manufacturing to disposal. Corresponding to the levels detected, targets are set for all domains including production, sales and service, and administration, with initiatives implemented to achieve targets. In 2007 Honda introduced the product life cycle assessment system (LCA) which revolves on the CO2 emissions from a single vehicle through its lifetime. The calculations revealed that 78% of CO2 emissions are associated with product use and 6% during its emission. The company can now assess CO2 emissions more accurately, for every aspect of the vehicle’s life, thus contributing to reduction efforts. The CO2 targeted reductions are thus directed at 80% of the total emissions, with regard to LCA. Conclusion and recommendations All sectors of global economy are increasingly coming under environmental regulations to ensure that all business practices, no longer continue with disregard to the environment. The vehicle manufacturers are among the earliest to receive such stipulations as vehicles are a major contributor to pollution. These manufacturers are faced with a challenge of optimizing lean manufacturing and environment conservation. While the two aspects of manufacturing are important, the approaches to both are different, and have a huge bearing on the organization’s success. Honda is indeed an automaker with a vision for a sustained future, as evident from its setting up environment based goals and policies, proactively. The waste reduction culture at Honda indeed has obvious benefits for the environment (Maxwell, 1998). There are several societies and organizations that make up this world of ours. The culture and priorities of these are widely varied. Not all their approaches and intentions are the same. This reflects their attitude towards environment too. Although we share the same environment, there is no guarantee that competitors would be equally concerned of the environment. When some organizations take immense pain and effort to protect the environment, investing immensely in it, their competitors can easily make profits by avoiding or manipulating these. Environmental protection requires fundamentally an understanding, a concern of one’s actions on the environment. Honda has set an exceptional example by understanding its actions on the environment, and taking cautious and big steps towards ensuring a sustainable environment. The environment is a common habitat for all, whether one indulges in pollution or not. Organizations should follow the footsteps of Honda with a sense of same involvement and dedication, for only then we can give a future to the following generations.

Underlining Synoptic Gospels

Underlining Synoptic Gospels The Gospels of Luke, Mark, and Matthew offer three similar yet different ways of retelling past events. The passages chosen are the Sermon on the Mount, The Beatitudes, Commissioning of the Twelve, The Fate of the Disciples, and The Coming of the Son of Man. The authors gave their interpretation to different events. Each Gospel clearly gives a general overview of everything taking place during this time period. The only difference exists in detail. The Gospels of Luke, Mark, and Matthew demonstrate the differences in similar stories being told by multiple authors. The Gospels of Luke, Mark, and Matthew match up very well. They generally follow the same storyline for each reading. In the Sermon, they tell how great crowds came from all over flocking to where Jesus was. The Beatitudes match up from Gospel to Gospel. The Commissioning of the twelve tell how Jesus chose his twelve apostles and sent them out on missions to heal the sick and cure the diseased. Apostles will be guided with what to say if questioned in Fate of the Disciples. Lastly, the coming of the son of man is described in all three Gospels. Differences are inevitable when different sources retell stories. The Gospels are no different. Each Gospel gives a different perspective than the other. What is not seen in one gospel is picked up in another. Examples are how masses came to see Jesus for healing, the Beatitudes, and the Disciples. Matthew neglects to tell how the masses of people came from Tyre and Sidon upon heading of Jesus’ miraculous healing powers. These individuals came from all over just for the opportunity to touch him in hopes of being healed. [1] This should have been put in for sure. This is just a blatant example of the power Jesus had. It separated Jesus from the false gods and prophets at the time. Mark does not contain the Beatitudes while Luke’s show of the Beatitudes is slightly shorter than Matthews. Mark may have chosen to not incorporate them into his text. The validity of the Beatitudes, based on this assignment alone, may be challenged based on how one author does not have any and the other two vary. In the Commissioning of the Twelve, Mark is the only author to give the small detail that Jesus sent the Disciples out two by two after giving them authority over unclean spirits. [2] After giving his disciples authority, Matthew does not tell how Jesus went up onto the mountain before he summoned his apostles. Mark does however, by saying that â€Å"He went up on the mountain and called to him those who he wanted and they came to him. †[3] This may be because the source that told Matthew may have not seen Jesus on upon the mountain. Luke and Mark may have had a source that watched it first hand or Matthew may have chosen to leave it out. Continuing with the Commissioning of the Twelve, another difference exists. Luke and Mark, not Matthew, both tell how Jesus went up on a mountain and called his twelve disciples and they were from that point on known as apostles. 4] The main problem with this situation is there is a difference in apostle’s names. All three Gospels have twelve names listed. Mark and Matthew had the name Thaddaeus and Luke had a second Judas. [5] The differences and similarities found in the Gospels are why they must be read together for comparison, much like anything else recorded second hand by various authors. The differences can be explained by lack of info rmation or just the choice of the writer to not include something. Numerous other factors could also be accountable but they need not be. While having differences the Gospels contain beyond more than enough similarities to get the point across. Bibliography Michael D. Coogan, ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Bart D. Ehrman, A Brief Introduction to the New Testament. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. ———————– [1] Mark 3:8-11; Luke 6: 17-19 [2] Mark 6:7 [3] Mark 3:13 [4] Mark 3:13-14; Luke 9:12-13 [5] Matt. 10:2-4; Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:14-16

Water Rights in Idaho Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Water Rights in Idaho - Essay Example A structure applied to redirect the water from its natural source, or diversion is usually required to acquire a water right. Usual diversion methods include pumps, head gates, pipelines, ditches and dams. The Idaho Water Resource Board is allowed to acquire water rights without diversions, referred to as "in-stream flow" water rights, typically authorized to protect some public interest in a natural stream or lake, for instance recreation, wildlife or natural beauty. "In-stream livestock" water right may also be acquired for watering livestock directly from the stream (One Plan para3-4). In some states, a landowner enjoys the right to use reasonably the ground water underneath his/her land or water naturally flowing through, on or along the borders of the land. Idaho law does not acknowledge such rights. Both the constitution and statutes of the State of Idaho assure the right to apportion the public waters of the State of Idaho. Water right is granted when a private right to the use of public waters is created by appropriation. A water right is a real property right just like property rights in land. The constitution and statutes of the state of Idaho protect private property rights. The water rights granted to individuals enable them to divert the public waters of the state of Idaho to put them to a beneficial use, in harmony with ones priority date. In property law, a right by which property is owned by one person is subject to a specified use or enjoyment by another. Servitudes allow people to create stable long-term arrangements for a wide variety of purposes, including shared land uses, maintaining the  across private lands to usual and accustomed fishing. The constitution describes the beneficial uses as domestic use, stock watering, irrigation, manufacturing, hydropower, mining, municipal use, aquaculture, recreation, fish

Translation Technology (Experience of using SDL Trados 2014 and its Essay

Translation Technology (Experience of using SDL Trados 2014 and its impact on translation method) - Essay Example The window opens presenting option for the Welcome view allowing an operator to open the Home tab. The subsequent process involves clicking the â€Å"Translate single document†. This gives a chance for opening document window whereby one can check the correctness of the source and target language as shown in figure 2. A new Translation Memory (TM) is set up by clicking â€Å"create† and then selecting â€Å"New File-Based Translation Memory†. The figure 3 below describes the process used in setting up New Translation Memory Window. In which case, a new TM name is entered (Translation Test). Next process involves browsing a folder for storing the TM and counterchecking on the source language and target language whether they are in alignment with the assignment. Character- based concordance search is enabled to allow efficiency during searching, especially when using a group of characters for the search. The file then opens in the Editor window giving a chance for translation. The translation is typed by clicking tin the first segment found in the target column. By clicking Ctrl+Enter, the first segment is confirmed and sent to the TM. Translating the other segments follow the same process aforementioned. The bilingual .sdlxliff file is saved (ctrl + S) in the folder where the source file was saved. Further, the target file is saved by clicking Shift + F12. This signifies the end of the process and the studio is closed by clicking Alt+F4. The following figure shows a sample of translation obtained when using the software: The SDL Trados 2014 translation process bears impacts on translation method as evident in a number of features it contains. Various features associated with using the software contribute distinctly to the impact of the software as will be discussed. These features yielding impacts include Global tag verification, alphanumeric strings,

Web technologies.From PHP to Python Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Web technologies.From PHP to Python - Essay Example The distinguishing factor of PHP from client-side languages like JavaScript is that the code is executed on the server. If you were to have a script similar to the above on your server, the client would receive the results of running that script, with no way of determining what the underlying code may be. You can even configure your web server to process all your HTML files with PHP, and then there's really no way that users can tell what you have up your sleeve. (See: http://www.php net/manual/en/introduction.php) The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely simple for a newcomer, but offers many advanced features for a professional programmer. Don't be afraid reading the long list of PHP's features. You can jump in, in a short time, and start writing simple scripts in a few hours.Almost anything. PHP is primarily focused on server-side scripting, so you can do anything a CGI program can do, such as collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive cooki es. But PHP can do much more.Server-side scripting: This is the most traditional and main target field for PHP. We need three things to make this work. The PHP parser (CGI or server module), a web server and a web browser. We need to run the web server, with a connected PHP installation. We can access the PHP program output with a web browser, viewing the PHP page through the server. All these can run on our home machine if we are just experimenting with PHP programming. Command line scripting: We can make a PHP script to run it without any server or browser. We only need the PHP parser to use it this way. This type of usage is ideal for scripts regularly executed using cron (on *nix or Linux) or Task Scheduler (on Windows). These scripts can also be used for simple text processing tasks. Writing desktop applications: PHP is probably not the very best language to create a desktop application with a graphical user interface, but if we know PHP very well, and would like to use some advanced PHP features in our client-side applications you can also use PHP-GTK to write such programs. You also have the ability to write cross-platform applications this way. PHP-GTK is an extension to PHP, not available in the main distribution. What they use it for practical implementation issues (See: http://www.php.net/manual/en/intro-whatcando.php) PHP can be used on all major operating systems, including Linux, many Unix variants (including HP-UX, Solaris and OpenBSD), Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and probably others. PHP has also support for most of the web servers today. This includes Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Personal Web Server, Netscape and iPlanet servers, Oreilly Website Pro server, Caudium, Xitami, OmniHTTPd, and many others. For the majority of the servers PHP has a module, for the others supporting the CGI standard, PHP can work as a CGI processor. So with PHP, we have the freedom of choosing an operating system and a web server. Furthermore, we also have the choice of using procedural programming or object oriented programming, or a mixture of them. Although not every standard OOP feature is implemented in PHP 4, many code libraries and large applications (including the PEAR library) are written only using OOP code. PHP 5 fixes the OOP related weaknesses of PHP 4, and introduces a complete object model.

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Information Systems - Essay Example etails of the problems encountered in the manually operated business, the current IT infrastructure, the business structure, the recommended IT infrastructure, a cost analysis of the recommended technology and the benefits and challenges in the implementation of the information system have been discussed in detail. Diblo Dairy Society is a business that buys and sells milk. Once the society implements a management information system, managers can easily make decisions that ensure the success of the business. Early in the morning, farmers bring their labelled milk cans that are full with milk to Diblo Dairy Society. The dairy society sets a price at which they will buy the milk from the farmers. The details of the farmer who brought the milk are recorded for instance his name and the number of litres he brought. The farmer is paid after tests have been done to make sure the milk is fresh and undiluted. If the milk is up to standard, Diblo Dairy Society records the amount of milk it has received from all the farmers in its inventory book. Diblo Dairy Society then distributes the milk to its dairies which sell milk to individuals at a profit. Milk is also sold to large companies that process and market milk and milk products. To ensure that the farmers, who are the suppliers, keep bringing milk to Diblo Dairy Society, benefits such as loans are provided. Diblo Dairy Society is headed by a Chief Executive Officer. A finance manager is in charge of all money related matters. The quality assurance manager is responsible for ensuring that the milk entering or leaving Diblo Dairy Society is fresh and up to the required standard. Diblo Dairy Society has 112 employees and therefore has a human resource manager who is responsible for recruiting staff, making sure that the employees are treated fairly, solving problems that may arise with the staff and compensating the employees for their labours. The sales and operations manager oversees the 15 attendants at Diblo Dairy

MySQL Information Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MySQL Information Technology - Research Paper Example The database of MySQL enables the users to develop a structure of relational database somewhere in the web-server so as to store information and do the necessary computing. When compared with the Microsoft Access, MySQL facilitates the users by organizing tables for them. Amongst other elements, the PHP serves as the queries. User’s forms play the role of individual web pages that contain fields. A combination of all these features allows the user to develop wonderful projects upon web which are very difficult to create without the use of MySQL. â€Å"The SQL part of â€Å"MySQL† stands for â€Å"Structured Query Language.† SQL is the most common standardized language used to access databases and is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard† (MySQL, 2011). Since the year 1986, SQL Standard has been evolving. Today, users can choose from numerous versions of SQL. MySQL is absolutely freely downloadable from the Internet and licensed by the GNU General Public Lic ense (GPL). GLP sets the rules for the use of MySQL in various situations. One of the most fundamental elements of MySQL that distinguish it from the conventional databases is its open source nature. Being open source, anybody can make use of and make alterations in the MySQL software. The source code can be altered as per the requirement of individual users. In a vast majority of cases, when a user already has a web-page or is getting one, PHP and MySQL are supported by the host. Servers which they are normally linked with include Linux. A user may check out the Dreamhost if he wants to gain the support of PHP and MySWL while getting his page. Some users have a difficult time dealing with the MySQL database because of their lack of prior interaction with the WYSIWYG interface which is afforded by the Microsoft Access. Therefore, when they have to develop tables, they either use SQL Statements for it or else, make use of some open source tool that can be downloaded from the Internet . Such tools are commonly referred to as the PHPMyAdmin. PHPMyAdmin provides the users with a user friendly interface which makes it easy for them to develop tables and forward their queries by providing the required information. This becomes particularly convenient for a user when he is tired or does not want to indulge in the lethargic SQL Statements. MySQL is significantly different in its properties, characteristics and uses from Microsoft Acess. After the creation of tables, it becomes very easy to use MySQL. MySQL far exceeds Microsoft Access in terms of both reliability and speed. In a relational database, data is kept in individual tables instead of one storeroom. This promotes flexibility and enhances the speed of the process. Microsoft Access is not much more than a system of desktop database. Small organizations can do with up to 20 users of Microsoft Access at one time, but hits as many as 10000 per day require a much more efficient and stronger system that is provided b y MySQL. The tables in MySQL can use real data unlike Microsoft Access. Need a text field that can hold over four billion characters? Not a problem, just use the LongText data type. Want the field to hold that many characters and be case-sensitive? Easy, just use the LongBlob data type. Need to store numbers from 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (for those of you who are curious, that would be over 18 Quintillion), then use the BigInt data type. Indeed, 18 quintillion is a big integer. (Blue Moose

Accounting Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Accounting Ethics - Term Paper Example Modern business world is facing serious problems from different ethical issues in accounting segment. Any kind of ethical problem related to accounting ethics can be the very serious issue for organizations. Here in this study, the problem statement is impacts of different financial fraudulent reporting. It is a very sensitive problem for all size business organizations. Each and every business organization maintains some accounting systems into their business activities. If any fraudulent activity has been indulging into those systems, and then total accounting system will give the false statement. It is very much detrimental to both organization and stakeholders. It is being noticed that due to some personal or narrow benefits accountants or auditors often include fraudulent activities into their accounting process. It is a huge ethical problem from the side of accountants or auditors. Fraudulent financial reporting has negative impacts on organization’s financial health. Or ganizations manage accounting for understanding their financial performances (Charles, 2008). On the basis of that, they fix their future courses of actions. But manipulated accounting prevents them to take proper strategic decisions. It is quite obvious that different strategies will be failure if financial reports are manipulated. It has very serious impact on the future of an organization. Every organization generates some employments. So, fraudulent financial reporting can be very much harmful to employees also.

Sustainable Management Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 7

Sustainable Management Futures - Essay Example Hence, there was considerable opposition from developers of the resort as the scenic splendour The company can adopt the policy of maximum pollution, which can be evaded under the law of South Carolina, in order to maximise the company’s revenues as well as create adequate job opportunities in the concerned area. Then again, this policy will affect aesthetic quality of the environment and hamper business of the resorts in Hilton Head by way of attracting lesser visitors (Taylor, 2011). Long-term effects of pollution are very hard to determine and BASF’s past experiences in other countries, where they had polluted rivers, did not help them with a buoyant feeling. As a result, development of the factory had become more of a moral issue than a business one. In order to solve the moral issue, the researcher proposes that the BASF’s manager had three options. He can either build the factory with the least pollution control or maximise the pollution control or further still, he can choose to not build the factory at all. The first option will yield a tolerable amount of water pollution, huge company profits, satisfied shareholders and extremely antagonistic resort developers as well as greater employment opportunities. The second option, on the other hand, would yield low profits for the company, unsatisfied shareholders, minimal pollution, welcoming developers and high costs incurred so as to implement pollution control measures. The third option would have approval of the developers, yield no profits, incur costs so as to search for a new location and also disappoint the local residents who were in support of the industrialisation. The best course of action in such a case would be to weigh all the options, analyse the environment and organisational benefits and come up with the best possible or optimal solution that would benefit all. Both the manager and the company were confronted with a number of duties and obligations. The organisation management

National Science Foundation and global warming Essay

National Science Foundation and global warming - Essay Example Hence the outcome presented by researchers mentioned by Longley (2006a) indicates that the resulting transfer of heat into the oceans would cause global sea levels to rise another 4 inches from thermal expansion. (Longley, 2006a) In the present scenario where global warming is the outcome of extensive fossil fuel emissions, it would be no use to look upon the main causes of global warming. However, still the onus is on the shoulder of human activities that cause global warming. Central consumption patterns have generated such a rapid worldwide deforestation that a majority of the earth's rainforests have gone early in the 21st century. However, the outcome is in the form of uncultivable land as global warming has made 53 percent of the world's land uncultivable, and desertification had encompassed nearly two-fifths of the earth's surface by the end of the 20th century. Oil slicks on the oceans and the rise in sea level triggered by global warming have endangered more than half the world's coastal ecosystems. According to a UN Report, yet 60 percent of the world's population lives within 65 miles of coasts, relying on those habitats for food and economic livelihood. Among many Governmental efforts to reduce global warming is the committee set up by National Research Council (NRC), which analyzed not only the global warming trend and ratio but also evaluated the extent to which warming in many versatile ways may be hazardous to humans. The committee being consisted of eleven top most researchers and noble prize winners of the U.S after examining concluded that nothing can be done to stop the dilemmatic conditions rising from global warming because of the reason that 21st century human activities are unlike the past centuries when man was not dependant on machines. Global warming, according to Adler is not a serious threat as predictions for future warming are largely based on computer models that are unable to predict even current temperatures accurately. So, how come the world can rely upon such models that predict dangers of greenhouse in the future Since 1979, the so-called highly accurate satellite measurements taken have remained unsuccessful in finding warming trend. And independent measurements from weather balloons corroborate these readings. So, usually measurement near cities show high temperatures in the global climate. (Adler, 1998) Today humans are based upon technical operated machines and computer models, due to which it would be a mistake to continue thinking of processes to reduce global warming. Global warming would continue to rise as long as there is a continuous greenhouse gas emission. (1) Political leaders have always warned of global warming, as the people they led have never bothered about to increase their emissions of greenhouse gases. One very large problem in greenhouse effect refers to the climate

Energy Society Essay Example for Free

Energy Society Essay The Kyoto Protocol The official name of the Protocol is The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is an agreement by 165 countries for mandatory targets for the reduction of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. These gases—carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and several fluorinated gases are believed to contribute significantly to global warming. The targets of the Protocol are primarily industrialized countries, which are expected to reduce their combined emissions to 95% of 1990 emission levels between 2008 and 2012. The Protocol was agreed on in 1997, although it only took effect in 2005. Between the years 1990 and 2000, the overall emissions of industrialized countries have been reduced by 3%, but largely because of the drastic reduction of emissions from former Soviet countries because of their failing economies. Other industrialized countries overall had an increase of 8% emissions. It is estmated that emissions from industrialized countries will be 10% above 1990 emission levels by the year 2010. For industrialized countries, the emission reduction target of the Kyoto Protocol is only around 5%, and many climate scientists are concerned that this is not enough to curb the effects of global warming. They believe that in order for the agreement to actually help solve the problem, the emission rates would be cut down by 60%. This has led to the opinion that the agreement lacks real value, more so without US backing. However, advocates believe that the Protocol lays out the groundwork for future negotiations. Emission reduction laws were already signed in many countries and would continue to take effect even when the Protocol itself has ceased to exist. â€Å"Happy Kyoto Day† – http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002119.html This site has an unusual approach to the problem of determining the Kyoto protocol’s merit. According to the author, â€Å"In and of itself, the Kyoto treaty wont solve global warming or avert disastrous climate disruption.† The author states that the protocol is essentially a catalyst. It will put the world in an environmentally aware mindset—even if the Kyoto protocol fails, it will force the world to come up with something better. It will also encourage economic changes that strive towards greater efficiency and sustainability. Lastly, the protocol â€Å"is a symbol, a conscious step in the right direction for the planet. â€Å"Kyoto global warming: good stuff or part of a dark conspiracy to dominate the world?† – http://uspolitics.tribe.net/thread/e4978f31-0439-4b70-bbf3-f0ce93a09a42 According to this site, â€Å"global warming alarmism† is indeed the â€Å"mother of all environmental scares.† The author states that it is definitely not settled whether human activity has had any significant effect on global warming; global warming is a theory, not a fact. Some effects of the Kyoto protocol would include â€Å"impoverishing the USA and creating intense disaffection within the ranks of the working classes.† Basic necessities would become very expensive. â€Å"Electricity would double in cost, fuel would skyrocket.† Lastly, the author claims that the Kyoto protocol is a political â€Å"device to lead the Social Communists closer to world dominion.† One of the worst effects that global warming could have would be the rise of sea levels, due to the melting of ice caps and to thermal expansion of the world’s waters. A hundred years from now, if the worst global warming predictions come true, millions of people will be displaced from their homes, which will be submerged. This will have drastic economic and cultural impacts. The effects of the mass displacement on the economy could reach far into the future. The loss of farmland, of business districts, etc. may spawn another (much worse) Great Depression in many areas. Forced cultural dispersion will be commonplace, making the ubiquitous problem of the generation gap much more considerable. Many people who would call themselves environmentalists would not necessarily have good knowledge of environmental issues. They may pay lip service to the environmentalist cause without inconveniencing themselves in any respect to protect it. But I would venture to say that a majority of those who call themselves environmentalists would be willing to go out of their way to ‘serve’ the world. However, it is certain that, as in other controversial issues, there would be much hypocrisy. If by ‘environmentalists’ we mean those who are—or claim to be—‘concerned’ about the environment, then certainly most of them would just be claiming belief in the cause, but be too lazy. In them would be an awareness of an ideal—the preservation of the environment—but a lack of initiative, probably because of the lack of any immediate incentives. References    Kyoto Protocol, 2006, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Greenhouse Office, Available at: http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/international/kyoto/index.html The Kyoto Protocol, New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, Available at: http://www. climatechange.govt.nz/about/kyoto.html Cascio, Jamais, 2006, Happy Kyoto Day, Available at: http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002119.html Kyoto global warming: good stuff or part of a dark conspiracy to dominate the world?, 2006, Available at: http://uspolitics.tribe.net/thread/e4978f31-0439-4b70-bbf3-f0ce93a09a42 QA: The Kyoto Protocol, 2005, BBC News, Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/ 4269921.stm The Kyoto Protocol A brief summary, 2006, European Union, Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/climat/kyoto.htm Kyoto Protocol, 2006, Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Available at: http://en.wikipedia. org/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Protocololdid=80236719 Kyoto Protocol comes into force, 2005, BBC News, Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ science/nature/4267245.stm

Employee Turnover In Pharmaceutical Companies In Kenya Management Essay

Employee Turnover In Pharmaceutical Companies In Kenya Management Essay The objective of the study was to investigate employee turnover problem in Pharmaceutical industries in Kenya with a case study of Ranbaxy Laboratories limited. The study specifically investigated on staff retention measures utilized by the management, whether exit interviews are conducted, and the competitiveness of reward program and whether the conduciveness of the work place environment as factors that may contribute to workforce turnover in this sector. The study adopted a descriptive research design to identify the employee turnover factors and a sample size of 50 employees were selected using a simple random sampling since the population for the purpose of this study was regarded as homogeneous. The study collected both primary and secondary data using semi-structured questionnaire and review of empirical and theoretical literatures respectively. The instruments were pilot tested for reliability checks. Statistical software SPSS was used for data analysis and generation of charts and graphs. Analysis took both descriptive and inferential dimensions where some elements of measure of central tendency and regression analysis were employed respectively. The study revealed that organization lacked effective staff retention strategies, where exit interviews were not regularly and effectively conducted, the employed reward program was not competitive and existence of unfriendly work place environment influenced most employees to leave the organization. Thus it was concluded that lack of effective strategies to manage these factors influenced most pharmaceutical companies to continue experiencing high staff turnover rates that lower the total organization productivity and increase running costs by recurrent recruitment costs, production disrupting and broken clients relationships. The study recommended that these factors should be part of the organization business strategy rather than being left to managers to act. Key Words: Employee turnover, Retention strategies, Exit interviews, Work environment and, Compensation. Introduction Turnover is the rate at which workers are replaced with new staff members in an organization. Turnover rate is calculated by dividing the number of resignations by number of staff in a given period of time usually a calendar year. Gberevbie, (2008) refers to frequent labor turnover as a state of affairs in an organization whereby employees for reasons best known to them based on their perception of personnel policies and practice of an organization resign or leave their job. Employees switch organizations for several reasons. These reasons could be either organization related or job related. Managers would readily agree that retaining the top performers results in higher customer satisfaction, quality improvement, effective succession planning and a considerable increase in organization knowledge and learning. Smith (2001) discusses companies with work environments that attract and retain people and where people are willing to give their best. These environments arent expensive. In f act, they save money.   In most cases, they improve retention and productivity without lavish salaries or bonuses. And they certainly lower the expense of continually hiring and training new people. Estimates suggest that separation, replacement and training costs are 1.5 to 2.5 times annual salary for each person who quits, which means that the departure of a middle manager usually costs an organization around $75,000 (Dalton et al., 1993). Employees who perceive relationships with customers provide better service. Customers who receive better service express fewer complaints and thereby create fewer problems for employees. Employees in turn react more favorably to encounters with customers. These reactions result in better service which again leads to higher customer satisfaction. Providing adequate health care to the populations remains a major challenge for governments in Africa .Access of drugs is dependent on both affordability and quality. The pharmaceutical sector is Kenya is dominated by multinational companies and generic companies who either import ready products or locally manufactured products. The domestic pharmaceutical industry shows considerable strength and has significant opportunities for growth. Imported generics make 28% of the market share (UNIDO survey, 2009). The reports goes on to say exports to Tanzania and Uganda are growing and still more potential for Kenya to establish its self as a major source in Southern Sudan. For purpose of this study, the researcher focused on Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, an integrated, research based, international pharmaceutical company producing a wide range of quality, affordable generic medicines, trusted by healthcare professionals and patients across geographies, the company has a unique model of applauding and recognizing individual and team effort through (APPRECIATE) program designed to motivate performance (www.ranbaxy.com). The Companys business philosophy is based on delivering value to its stakeholders by constantly inspiring its people to innovate, achieve excellence and set new global benchmarks. Statement of the Problem The private health sector in Kenya contributes around 13% to the GDP and has largely remained unchanged since 1995(KPPB, 2007). Out of this, Pharmaceutical industries account for a whopping 10.3% in its contribution to the GDP. Although on average this is seen as stagnation, it is considered as one of the largest in East and Central Africa. Nevertheless, due to increased development of conventional medicines and awareness about preventive culture in the urban population, the industry has registered a high level of growth and innovation that has turned the sector into a vibrant business domain. This has seemingly attracted the attention of many entrepreneurs resulting to massive investment both at large and retail scale levels. Empirical studies (Wilson and Peel, 1990) on pharmaceutical industries have indicated that the industry is characterized by a stiff competition. In Kenya, the proliferations of the biotechnology marketplace have greatly revolutionized the industry operations. Organizations are increasingly at risk of losing key sales personnel to competitors and new market entrants. In a recent benchmarking study, Best Practices found that the 2006 aggregate annual turnover of employees for the pharmaceutical and biotech industries in Kenya is 14.2%. According to (Paul and Anantharaman, 2003) ,increasing turnover of sales people is particularly problematic for the larger pharmaceutical companies as smaller market entrants, particularly biotechnology firm keep on attracting their employees.. This resulted into massive exodus of employees from the pharmaceutical subsector into these upcoming biotechnology firms since the skills required is the same in both sub sector. This has evidently affected the Pharmaceutical industries since they responded to these pressures by focusing on its innovative segment and increasing its RD expenditures by means of in-house innovation, technological and therapeutic market specialization, and mergers and acquisitions of companies within and outside the pharmaceutical industry resulting to declining profits and stagnation (Kundu Malhan, 2007). Most studies (Delaney and Huselid,1996) done of the employee turnover sought to establish preliminary indices for employee turnover situations in different subsector hence making many statistics that describes the turnover of employees as abundant. In spite of having many studies undertaken on staff turnover in pharmaceutical companies, none of t he studies have managed to come up with an effective solution on how pharmaceutical companies should employ effective staff retention measures, conduct exit interviews, employ effective rewards programs and provide better working envi ronment. This has therefore created a wide knowledge gap on staff turnover management and hence created a need to conduct a study on factors contributing to the employee turnover in pharmaceutical companies in Kenya. Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, which is one of the largest and leading chains in the pharmaceutical laboratories with highest turnover according to the preliminary indices, (Delaney and Huselid, 1996) its recent employee satisfaction survey of 2009 indicated that 50% of the employees felt they would not be in the company for the next two years and 69% felt their intention to quit is influenced by management not peers. Considering Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited as a case, this study therefore sought to investigate the factors that contribute to employee turnover in pharmaceutical industries in Kenya. Overall Objective of the Study The general objective of the study is to investigate factors contributing to the employee turnover in pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, a case study of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Specific Objectives The study aimed to:- To investigate employee retention actions as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. To find out whether exit interviews affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. To find out the competiveness of reward program as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited.. To establish whether the work place environment affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Research Question The study sought answers for the following questions: Does employee retention actions as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Do exit interviews affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Does competiveness of reward program as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Do the work place environment affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Scope of the Study In the literature, the variables that influence the turnover of the employees in an organization is vast. Since human resource management is also a socially complex process which is intertwined with array of organizational factors, it further diversifies the reasons as to why employees leave their organizations. Thus, this study focused only on retention action employed by the organization, exit interviews, competitiveness of reward program and status of workplace environment as factors influencing the employee turnover investigated. The study will limit itself to the case of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited only. Literature Review Both the theoretical and empirical reviews on employee turnover and its variables were conducted. This resulted into array of constructs (retention strategy, exit interviews, reward strategy, workplace environment and employee turnover) and their relationships which was conceptualized in the following schematic diagram below. This was used as the Conceptual framework which guided the study. Retention Strategy Exit Interviews Employee Turnover Reward Strategy Work place Environment Independent Variables Dependant Variable Research Methodology This chapter focused on research design, sampling, instrumentation, data collection, data analysis and interpretation. Research Design The research adopted descriptive approach. This is because, the study aim to describe employee turnover phenomena using different set of independent variable cluster. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists, with respect to variables or conditions in a situation (Mugenda and Mugenda, 1999). Population and Sampling The study focused on pharmaceutical industry in Kenya which is the target population regarded as the larger population on which the findings were generalized to. The study population was mployees of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. A target population is the total collection of elements about which one wishes to make some inferences (Mugenda and Mugenda, 1999). Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample size of 50 employees out of the total 75 employee of the study population. Since most variables under investigations are related to motivation, stratification is necessary to consider the different cadres of employees which pose motivation implications. This is equivalent to 66.67% sample size. According to Dempsey, (2003) a sample size of 50% is appropriate for generalization of the gathered findings in descriptive research. This therefore surpasses the threshold suggested by Dempsey, (2003) for generalization purposes and thus, regarded as adequate. The list sourced from th e Human Resource department of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited was used as a sampling frame. Data Collection and Instrumentation Primary data collection was through the questionnaire using a semi structured questionnaire that was interviewer-administered. Secondary data was through review of the theoretical and empirical literatures sourced from books and scholarly journals, Internet and conference papers among others. Pilot Test A pilot study was conducted to test reliability of the instrument (questionnaire). This involved selecting 2 respondents from each strata and issuing them with the questionnaires. Data was obtained using the questionnaires and after evaluating and identifying the response, reliability analysis using Kunder-Richardson 20 formulae was conducted. The results were applied to modify or drop the items whose thresholds were low. Data reliability also plays an important role towards generalization of the gathered data to reflect the research objective. Data Analysis and Presentation Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze quantitative data where data was scored by calculating the percentages and means. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software was used specifically for the purpose of analyzing the quantitative data and presenting it inform of table, figures and graphs. Linear Regression analysis was also used to show the relationship between research variables. Qualitative data analysis method was employed to analyze qualitative data gathered using open end questions. Summary of the Major Findings Response Rate The response rate was 80%. This is regarded adequate in line with the literature by Mugenda and Mugenda, (2003) which recommends 70% as a good response rate in descriptive studies. Respondents Demographic Profile Majority of the respondents (50%) were within the age bracket 31-40 years, 24% within the age bracket of 18-30, and 13% within the age bracket of 41-50 years and 51 years and above. On the education level, majority of the respondents (62%) had attained university education level and 25% had attained college education level. Regarding working experience most of the respondents (35%) had a working experience of 3-5 years, 25% 6-7 years, 18% 3-5 years, 20% had a working experience of less than 2years and 20% had a working experience of 8 years and above. This indicated that most of the study respondents were experienced and educated and hence expected to give relevant information for this study. Employee Retention Strategies Majority (58%) of the respondents indicated the organization lacked effective employee retention strategies while 42% felt otherwise. The 58% felt management lacked understanding on retention strategies. This concurs with Ruth (2004) that managers who have greater understanding on causes of employee turnover are likely to employ effective employee retention strategies in order to retain competent and most skilled employee. Further 80% of the respondents felt that the strategies employed do not minimize employee turnover. Using Likert scale method rating 4 very effective,3-effective,2-Moderate and 1 not effective 5-very effective, (50%) rated the effectiveness of the employed employee retention strategies as being moderate, 18% effective, 20% not effective and 12% very effective. From this we can infer majority of the employee rated average. This concurs with findings by Baker (2004) that organization that lacks very effectives employee retention strategies faces cases of high employ ee turnover rates that contributes to loss of the most skilled and competent employee. The low standard deviation indicates that there was negligible error during the analysis and the variance results demonstrates that respondents gave similar answers as the answers variation was close to each other and hence giving a clear indication that the answers given were reliable From the findings, it can be concluded that lack of effective employee retention strategies contributed to high employee turnover rates in the organization. Exit Interviews Majority of the respondents (68%) were of the opinion that employees leaving the organization were not subjected to exit interviews. However, 32% of the respondents expressed that the employees were subjected to exit interviews. This agreed with suggestion by Armstrong (2006) that presence of exit interviews in organization assists human resource management to establish the core causes of high employee turnover. Concerning whether exit interviews help the organization to find out the reasons for employee turnover (83%) answered no indicating that exit interviews did not help to establish reasons why employees left the organization and (37%) felt otherwise. The majority who answered no explained that the organization lacked effective exit interview program that helped in capturing the organization problems influencing high employee turnover. Regarding the frequency of conducting exit interviews respondents (47.5%) stated that exit interviews were rarely conducted, 40% stated sometimes , 7.5% never and only 5% who stated exit interviews were always conducted. Exit interviews were rarely conducted since the management was not conscious on the reasons contributing to high employee turnover rates and this agreed with Nelly (2002) that human resource managers who are not mindful about employees turnover do not carry out exit interviews and instead concentrates on employing new employees. The study hence concluded that conducting exit interviews could help human resource management in pharmaceutical to effectively manage high employee turnover rates. The table shows that a low standard deviation was obtained in all questions, indicating that the answers given were accurate. A low variance in all the questions shows that the respondents answered the questions in a similar way and hence the responses given were reliable. Reward Program The study sought to find out competitiveness of the reward program.73% of the respondents felt the reward program was not competitive and it was one of the reasons that influenced employees to leave. This agrees with Nzuve (2007) that absence of competitive rewards in the organization lead to low level of employee motivation that influences most employee to leave the organization hence increasing the rate of employee turnover.85% of the respondents indicated absence of competitive reward programs in the organization contributed to high employee turnover while 15% felt otherwise. As can be observed from the table a mean of 1.27 and 1.85 was obtained in the two questions indicating that organization lacked competitive reward programs and absence of competitive reward programs contributed high employee turnover rates. Work place Environment An overwhelming (80%) of the respondents felt their work environment was not conducive while 20% felt it was conducive. The majority 80% felt that the work environment contributed to employee turnover. Using Likert Scale where 5 -very large externt4-large extent, 3-moderate extent, 2-small extent and 1- not at all, majority of the respondents (60%) stated that work place environment contributed to employee turnover to a very large extent, 20% large extent, 10% moderate extent and 5% small extent and not at all respectively. A mean of 1.20 indicates that organization work place environment was not conducive, a mean of 1.80 shows that work place environment contributed to high employee turnover rate and a mean of 4.25 indicated that work place environment contributed to employee turnover to a large extent. A low variance and a low standard deviation demonstrate that the answers given by the respondents were accurate. Regression Analysis A regression equation to show the relationship between the independent variables and dependant variable was derived Y = a + bX1 + bX2 + bX3 + bX4 + e=r2 The values for b0, b1, b2, b3 and b4 are  .569, .330, .095, .160 and .132 therefore the equation Y = .569+.330+.095+ .160 +.132 This indicates that there is a strong relationship between, employee retention, exit interviews, reward program, work place environment and employee turnover. A coefficient of .330 indicates that application of effective employee retention strategies reduces employee turnover by 0.330,a coefficient of .095 indicates application of exit interviews reduces employee turnover by 0.095. A coefficient of.160 presents that application of effective reward programs reduces employee turnover by 0.16. A coefficient of .132 indicates that conducive workplace environment helps to reduce employee turnover by 0.132. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that employee retention strategy was a major factor that greatly contributed to high employee turnover rates in the organization. The study also found out that one of the critical parameter of collecting data form the exiting employees, exit interviews were not regularly conducted whenever employees left the organization. And this hampered the organization human resource management to identify the core reasons that influenced employees to leave the organization. Lack of competitive reward program greatly contributed to high employee turnover rates in the organization since the organizations reward package was not competitive and also lacks the elements of totality in its reward system. Finally it can be concluded that the organization working environment was not conducive to most of the employees and this contributed to high employee turnover. This is expected since; laboratories like workshops are characteristically identified with the workplace environments which they offer. Recommendations Employee turnover should not be left to be handled by the human resource department alone rather it should be looked at as part of the overall business strategy since human capital is one of the major factors of production. This way , factors that are causing employee turnover will be handled and top management level and action will be taken to minimize employee turnover. Thus the study suggests the need to investigate on the role played by the top management in the alleviating employee turnover investigation as necessary. The study also recommends the need for the managements to be vigilant with their exit interviews so as to get insights of why the employees are leaving while redoubling their efforts in streamlining the motivation package.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hydrogen Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hydrogen Energy Environmental Sciences Essay Hydrogen is a combination of the Greek words Hydro and Genes meaning water and generator. It is the first element in the periodic table. Hydrogen is the main component of water, which covers over 60% of the planets surface. 1Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the world, although it also exists as a free gas on Earth. Currently hydrogen is produced mainly from fossil fuels for industrial purposes in petroleum refining, chemical production, metal manufacturing and electronics production. Hydrogen technologies are the technologies will associate with the production use of hydrogen. Hydrogen technology is the key to the advancement and improvement of fuel cells running on natural gas for domestic combined heat and power systems and for the distribution of electricity. Hydrogen technologies can replace incompetent traditional combustion technologies which waste up to 2 / 3 of the fuel used. There are different ways of making hydrogen in the UK. The most inexpensive way is to convert natural gas into hydrogen by a process called reformation. The Reforming of natural gas into a hydrogen produces CO2 but no more than burning it. However, using the hydrogen in a hydrogen fuel cell or using the natural gas itself in a natural gas fuel cell .The best use from natural gas is to use it as in fuel cells, either directly or reforming it into hydrogen. 2.2 FUEL CELL A fuel cell integrates hydrogen with oxygen from the air in a chemical reaction, producing electricity. 7 One of the fuel cell types is for transport, (the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and it consists of two electrodes, and it is separated by a membrane. ) 2.3 UK DEVELOPMENT PATH Hydrogen use in the UK start with transport particularly for fuelling fleet vehicles and buses. U.K. Technology Strategy Board (TSB) Awards  £9m to Aid Hydrogen Fuel Cell Development Source : Energy technology companies are set to receive  £9 million of funding for projects involving fuel cells and hydrogen technologies, it was announced today (August 28). The government sponsored Technology Strategy Board (TSB) is to invest the money, along with a further  £500,000 from government agency the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), into nine hydrogen fuel cell projects. 8Airbus to take off with fuel cell auxiliary power October 9, 2009 by Lisa Sibley, Cleantech Group UK-based Intelligent Energy says its technology is expected to help the French aircraft manufacturer reduce emissions and decrease fuel consumption 9Hydrogen fuel cell hybrid buses to hit the road in Sunderland 10 November 2009 Two hydrogen fuel cell hybrid buses are set to hit the streets of Sunderland, UK as part of a unique RD program that is bringing Chinese expertise to the region. The UK regional development agency One North East has invested  £314  000 (US$523  000) to sponsor the ECO2Trans hydrogen buses project, which is converting two electric Gulliver U500EUK buses into hydrogen vehicles using a fuel cell, battery and capacitor combination. 4The hydrogen fuel cell buses being introduced  in London will use an electric motor, with the hydrogen stored in tanks on the roof. 3. infrastructure FOR a hydrogen economy IN the UK 7An infrastructure is defined as a collection of technologies that are connected together in a specified way and are grouped into the following five categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ sources of energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ conversion (including compression) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ fuel transportation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ storage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ demand. The technical model of hydrogen infrastructures developed on a nodal network structure. Transporting hydrogen is a very important part of the cost of the transfered product. The design of infrastructure includes the gas pipelines and rail lines for delivering inputs for producing hydrogen that will be an integral part of the delivery system. The main challenges in achieving the best delivery system include selection of the site for hydrogen production and establishing a possible transportation network.The hydrogen infrastructure in the UK was evaluate current and potential hydrogen production and storage options. The key findings of the research were that there are three main areas where hydrogen is produced at a commercial scale. These areas are the Northwest of England, Teeside (England)and South Wales. The infrastructure scenarios focus on two hydrogen production technologies-steam reforming of natural gas and electrolysis of water-and the different scales at which such plant can be installed. The majority of hydrogen is produced by stream reformation of natural gas, although a proportion of worldwide hydrogen is produced as a by-product of Ethylene production via cracking. Most Liquid hydrogen is also imported from France, however it is very expensive. In the short to medium term, the available gas production and supply system is incapable of supporting a major expansion of the use of hydrogen in fuel cell . 11Hydrogen infrastructure for refuelling London buses. Imperial College London is examining transition strategies for a hydrogen infrastructure for vehicle refueling in London under a project funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Imperial has five project partners from industry and local government to assist in this study: the Greater London Authority (GLA), BP, BOC, BMW and Air Products.

Successful Relationships And Short Stories :: essays research papers

Successful Relationships and Short Stories A successful relationship is the Holy Grail in life for most people. We are constantly searching and striving to attain that bond with someone with out fully understanding the components involved in making it happen. In a time of serial monogamy, marriage drive thrus, and quickie divorces, we don't have much incentive to invest that sort of time. Relationships are easy to get out of. But in order to have a successful relationship, both parties must first actively communicate their intentions of what they are hoping to gain from the relationship, concerns, and hopes for themselves as individuals and as a collective. Failure to do this would surely be the demise of any relationship. There are many instances in the short stories in which I have read where two characters are unable to grasp the concept in which I am putting forth. A prime example would be Miss Dent and Mr. Blake from John Cheever's "The Five- Forty-Eight." In this story, Miss Dent and Mr. Blake start with a working relationship which escalates into a one night stand. Neither character has communicated what their intentions or hopes for this encounter is. Miss Dent is coming from the angle that she cares for this person, and would like something more from this affair. She articulates this to him later saying "All I wanted was a little love." Had she addressed this in the beginning, it would have been clear what her hopes were for this relationship. Mr. Blake however was coming from the exact opposite angle: "She gave him a drink and said that she was going to put on something more comfortable. He urged her to; that was he came for." If these people were openly communicating their intentions to each other would have been clear therefore enabling them to make an informed decision. Another example of a successful relationship from the short stories I have read is character Nanapush and his young friend Eli from Louise Edrich's "Matchimanito." Eli frequently came to Nanapush for advice on hunting, women, and life in general. It was clear to Nanapush what Eli's intentions were, as Eli communicated it frequently with his barrage of questions. "I'm a Nanapush remember. That's as good as saying I knew what interested Eli Kashpaw. He wanted something other than what I could teach him about the woods. Successful Relationships And Short Stories :: essays research papers Successful Relationships and Short Stories A successful relationship is the Holy Grail in life for most people. We are constantly searching and striving to attain that bond with someone with out fully understanding the components involved in making it happen. In a time of serial monogamy, marriage drive thrus, and quickie divorces, we don't have much incentive to invest that sort of time. Relationships are easy to get out of. But in order to have a successful relationship, both parties must first actively communicate their intentions of what they are hoping to gain from the relationship, concerns, and hopes for themselves as individuals and as a collective. Failure to do this would surely be the demise of any relationship. There are many instances in the short stories in which I have read where two characters are unable to grasp the concept in which I am putting forth. A prime example would be Miss Dent and Mr. Blake from John Cheever's "The Five- Forty-Eight." In this story, Miss Dent and Mr. Blake start with a working relationship which escalates into a one night stand. Neither character has communicated what their intentions or hopes for this encounter is. Miss Dent is coming from the angle that she cares for this person, and would like something more from this affair. She articulates this to him later saying "All I wanted was a little love." Had she addressed this in the beginning, it would have been clear what her hopes were for this relationship. Mr. Blake however was coming from the exact opposite angle: "She gave him a drink and said that she was going to put on something more comfortable. He urged her to; that was he came for." If these people were openly communicating their intentions to each other would have been clear therefore enabling them to make an informed decision. Another example of a successful relationship from the short stories I have read is character Nanapush and his young friend Eli from Louise Edrich's "Matchimanito." Eli frequently came to Nanapush for advice on hunting, women, and life in general. It was clear to Nanapush what Eli's intentions were, as Eli communicated it frequently with his barrage of questions. "I'm a Nanapush remember. That's as good as saying I knew what interested Eli Kashpaw. He wanted something other than what I could teach him about the woods.

Othellos Fainting as a Point of No Return :: Free Essays Online

Othello's Fainting as a Point of No Return In Act IV, Scene 1 of Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello faints when confronted with the possibility that his wife has been unfaithful. Through the past few scenes, Iago, exploiting Othello’s concerns about his race, has performed a delicate act, slowly but surely leading him towards the inevitable conclusion that his wife and Cassio have ‘cuckolded’ him. When Iago finally refers explicitly to Desdemona’s sexual betrayal, Othello can bear it no longer and faints to escape the reality he cannot bear. From the outset, Othello has been uncomfortable in aristocratic Venetian society. He has deep insecurities about his ability to fulfill his role as Desdemona’s husband, both sexually and socially. Othello is elated when he realizes that beautiful young Desdemona is attracted to him since he perceives himself to be unworthy of her love, primarily due to his old age, physical unattractiveness, and most importantly because he is a black Moor. Thus, his realization of his racial identity figures prominently in his mindset. Sexually, he fears being unable to satisfy his wife’s desires; for it would be only natural for her to, having sealed the vows of marriage, seek a companion more like her. For he is â€Å"rude [†¦] in speech, / And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace† (1.3:81-2), most unfit to wed the daughter of the noble senator Brabanzio[1]. Thus, he makes it clear that he prefers the military atmosphere to the aristocratic civilian one. While Othello has thoroughly internalized his concerns regarding his marriage, shrewd Iago is able to perceive and exploit them. Iago’s villainous brilliance is manifest in his ability to take himself into Othello’s confidence. The relationship that develops between the two is of great significance. Iago is most careful to avoid explicitly accusing Desdemona of adultery until the time is right. Instead, he gradually weaves the thought into Othello’s mind so that Othello is able to independently arrive at the same conclusion. While initially Iago exhibits deference and fear of his king, the power dynamic progressively shifts so that the two become almost equal allies in an unholy conspiracy. Othello, at one point, is almost thankful to Iago for revealing to him the truth, declaring that â€Å"I am bound to thee for ever† (3.3:218). Iago reciprocates in the next scene upon being appointed lieutanant, vowing â€Å"I am your own for ever† (3.3:482). Esp ecially in this scene, Iago can be seen as representing Satan himself, inducing good Othello to err thereby securing a vow of loyalty from his servant.

The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :: English Literature

The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Examine how Conan Doyle establishes the setting for the novel in the opening four chapters. How effective do you consider this to be? â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles† was written in 1902 when the detective genre had been established in England for around 50 years, by authors such as Wilkie Collins and James Anderson who published â€Å"Murder She Wrote†. Arthur Conan Doyle contributed to the development of this genre by creating Sherlock Holmes & Dr.Watson in a range of popular short stories released in magazines. He was one of the most significant, influential authors to this genre as he created the most famous detective, in fiction, in Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes was first introduced in â€Å"A Study in Scarlet† which was published in 1887; this won a lot of success and meant that Holmes featured as a main character in future stories and novels written by Doyle. Doyle, born in Edinburgh, Scotland began practicing medicine in 1882; his knowledge from his education comes through in his writing and there are many references to scientific sources. This gave his writing a new dimension and was new for readers at the time which perhaps even contributing to the popularity of his writing. In â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles† Doyle establishes the setting through five main aspects. These are a sense of time, places, genre, the plot and characters. An important aspect of the setting is how Doyle presents the main characters, their relationships and personalities. Doyle introduces 4 of the main characters in the opening chapters and begins to establish their relationships most noticeably between Holmes and Watson. The main characters are Holmes, Watson, Dr. Mortimer, the Baskerville family and of course the hound itself. These different characters are introduced in different chapters through different methods. This is for a number of reasons; to differentiate them, to let each of them have a different impact in the novel and because of the tradition from previous stories containing some of the characters. Holmes and Watson are not described in great detail but introduced in the opening chapters through their dialogue. Doyle did this as he didn’t need to introduce them in more depth as they had already been well established to the readers through other short stories in which they appeared before â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles†. Readers at the time already had a sense of their personalities and physical features through their earlier introductions. Holmes and Watson have a strong relationship in the novel which is shown by the way they talk to each other, their actions and the way they both try to solve the crime.

Life Span Perspectives Paper

In order to truly understand the life span perspectives we must first define developmental psychology, which is a field that falls under the topic of psychology that is centered on describing how individuals change and grow throughout the stages of their life. This field has also been noted to be one of the more popular fields to be studied. We, as humans, must first grasp the concept that before there can be an outcome there has to be a process or a beginning. We can always trace anything that exists back to a beginning, for people this beginning is birth and the developmental processes that follow are individual pieces of the life processes. Charles Darwin had a longing to understand just what evolution was and exactly how it worked; from this desire he drew the study of lifespan development. Adolescence and norms were first introduced to those in the field of science by way of a G. Stanley Hall publication (Boyd & Bee, 2006). Within this book these scholarly individuals could read about the first observational studies of children. Within this paper you will find the definition of lifespan development, a description of the many characteristics of the lifespan perspective, and the identifying factors of the human developmental domains and periods. Lifespan Development We recognize that within the lifespan there had to be a beginning; we know this because of the work of Charles Darwin. Darwin began the inner workings of human developmental studies and those early evolutionists who shared his opinions were soon to join in his studies. Darwin’s goal was to prove his theory of evolution; it was his belief that his best chance of proving his theory was to engage in intense studies of human development (Boyd & Bee, 2006). According to the American Heritage Dictionary, a lifespan is the average amount of time that an organism, material, or object can be expected to survive or last. If we look for further detail and look for the definition of development, we find that development based on biology is the process of organic growth in an individual organism, we also see that this an be defined as a biological occurrence of events in which an organism changes gradually from a simple to a more complex level (Collins English Dictionary, 2003). When we combine these two individual words we end up with a term that defines the individual changes associated with life progresses that can be tracked in correspondence to the individual’s age. People will change many times over throughout their lifetime; these developme ntal periods are the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. In order for one to experience growth developmental change must occur. Life span development will occur over and over, again and again throughout the individual’s life time. Although there are positives and negatives in the developmental process, developmental research and advances will continue to occur throughout an individual’s entire life cycle. Characteristics of the Lifespan Perspective All individuals develop on their own schedule and at their own pace, depending on many internal and external factors. Due to improved nutrition and health and medical knowledge a sharp rise in the average life expectancy has recently been observed. The characteristics of the lifespan perspective are lifelong, multidirectional, plasticity, contextual, multidisciplinary, and multidimensional. One’s development continues throughout their lifespan, there is no certain age that appears to be heavier in this area than others. Continued growth paired with decline affects development which can be said to attribute to the multidirectional portion of the lifespan. Many will seem to focus on the plasticity of the human lifespan, one can see this in the example of a child who has been malnourished, this child may suffer from a diminished intellect but given proper nutrition over an extended period of time the child will, indeed, regain much f the lost function and should eventually catch up to the average for his age. There are many outside forces that have a great effect on human development, these forces can be biological, historical, social, and cultural (Berk, 2007). Lifespan Domain Human Development domains all work together and are affected by one another. The categories of the domains of development are social, physical, and cognitive (Boyd & Bee, 2006). The social domain encases the changes that one may find necessary in order to adapt to a new social environment, or situation, this might include developing and maintaining relationships, and improvement upon general social skills. The physical domain can be defined as the way the humans change their physical appearance. A good example of a physical change is when a child enters puberty, and again as the child becomes elderly. Within this domain it is seen that as the physical appearance changes so will the views that the individual possesses in life. Human Development Periods Psychoanalytic, cognitive, and learning are the three theories that have been shown to produce the most information on human development (Boyd & Bee, 2006). Within these theories we can find information that best explains how one transitions from one moment within their life and essentially evolves to the next level. In discussing human development we must recognize the age old debate of nature versus nurture. Within this theory we must ask which, if either, is truly the strongest influence? Does the environment or genetics play the biggest part in this factor? Conclusion There are many answers that are yet to be discovered in the field of psychology in spite of the fact that there have already been so many discoveries. In the beginning there was Darwin and his theory of evolution†¦.. we do not yet know where the end may take us.

Chickens

As our society continues to advance, our technology does too. One of the most recent inventions of the food system are GMOs .GMOs are organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These genetically modified organisms are seen to have both negative and positive effects in our society.One of the many examples of genetically modified animals are chickens. The main effect that chickens have on humans is the amount of chemicals are put inside them affects the human system. According to an online article written by Ultius , there is a bacteria that was created in the early 1900s that makes the chickens grow at a faster rate in order for companies to produce more chicken products at a faster and lower cost. The effects of these decisions were not studied early on, however, as time went on we have seen that there is a rise for health defects that are brought on because of these bacterias being placed inside chickens. Our bodies were made to intake natural ingredients, now these ingredients are no longer found in any of the food we intake. There has been studies that show that our food is one of the biggest causes of cancer. A documentary titled â€Å"What the Health†speaks of the truth that is hidden from the consumer about their food. In the documentary a young man goes on a journey to bring light into the issues that go on with our food. He later finds that many of the government associations that are meant to be supporting healthy eating are instead promoting it. Because GMOs help animals grow faster, the producer is able to make more money off the product in a faster rate. Although, we often don't want to accept it most of the things in life are businesses; even feeding people. We would rather feed people something that can make them sick or hurt them if it means these big companies are Martinez 3making more money for it. The business of GMOs has grown so big throughout the world that it is very rare and expensive to buy organic food because there not enough people supporting the idea behind local-GMO-free farms. This isn't only bad for the humans health but for the chickens. Chickens size in 1957 used to be 905 grams but now they have increased up to 4,202 grams which is about 9.2 pounds , chickens die because of their size and can't walk without getting tired or resting. They feed chickens so they could have bigger breast. Chickens are mistreated, they are put in a tight cage that they don't even fit in, this has cause them to break their legs because they are to big to fit in that cage. Chickens aren't the ones that are getting modified but the crops are. The chickens may also include viruses and bacteria.when they feed the chickens the crops contain chemicals which is not safe. Although there are many negatives to genetically modified chickens there can also be positive impacts to our society because of this animals. According to Techrepublic this doesn't only help grow more food but it has a positive impact on economies, and social perspective. This doesn't only benefit humans but it also helps to stop the H5N1 which is a bird flu. Since the chickens are bigger and help give us more food it helps humans to consume. When you go to the store to buy chicken their breast are bigger than usual so you get to eat more . Since the crops that they feed to chickens are modified it's more environmentally-friendly that results in more sustainable food product and Genetically modified crops require less fertilizer and fewer pesticides. There's not that many benefits for the chickens but there's a really huge advantages for the farmers and consumers. The genetically modified Chickens help farmers make more money because they spend less money producing more food. This also helps out companies/ Martinez 4 restaurants. For example KFC , their chicken had been modified because when you get their.chicken breast they are the size of your hand, but we get more food out of it and even get leftovers so we could eat that later again and save some money. So this also helps benefit us because not only do we get more food but it helps our environment and makes it look beautiful and healthy , it contributes to the sustaining of better air and water quality. There are many Pros and Cons about this issue. For us students at Olympian High School this issue is being talked about everywhere in school. The senior class is reading † Farm Sanctuary† a book written by activist and owner of a non-profit organization that focuses on raising awareness for the abuse of animals and the GMOs being used in our food. My sister is currently a senior and is also part of the Common Senior Experience committee, she has told me about meeting Gene Baur, the author of the book. As our society advances problems start to come up more and more; now more than ever is this issue being talked about. The main cause of diseases now comes from our own choice. Big organizations continue to tell us that we have to be careful with what we eat, however, many people don't have the resources to do so. Organic and GMO-free food is expensive and often hard to find in everyday grocery stores. Even as children we have a hard time eating healthy because many of us do not get to decide what we eat because our parents make it for us and we have no choice in whether we want to eat it or not. There are many negative parts to this issue, but maybe if we were given simple solutions that everyone, no matter their social status could use, we could eat better and also help the animals. Gene Baur suggested growing a garden outside you home with fresh fruits and vegetables; although, doing this is a lot of work the benefits outweigh the cost. Starting a garden can help Martinez 5you get free healthy food that does not harm the animals. There isn't a big price tag that comes along with it either, buying seeds from stores costs as much as 79 cents. People can take different stands on the issue and solutions are very hard to find especially since this has become such a natural thing in our environment, but nothing is impossible to do. In conclusion Genetically modified organisms are one of the most advanced technology in the world. GMOs not only have negative but also positive impact in people, farmers, environment and chickens.This is a big issue in society that is affecting everyone that has both negative and positive impacts. Source cited: â€Å"The Dangers Of Eating Genetically Modified Chickens† By Dante, Published september 11 2014.https://www.ultius.com/ultius-blog/entry/the-dangers-of-eating-genetically-modified-chicken.html†Why Have Chickens Quadrupled In Size Since The 1950s?† By Melissa Cronin, Published October 7, 2014. https://www.thedodo.com/bigger-chickens-breed-select-754013461.html†Genetically Modified Chickens† By Seattle Organic Restaurants.http://www.seattleorganicrestaurants.com/vegan-whole-foods/genetically-modified-chickens/. â€Å"Farm Sanctuary† Gene Boura GMO Essay Galilea Martinez 2/17/2018Mr.DavisPeriod 6 Martinez 2As our society continues to advance, our technology does too. One of the most recent inventions of the food system are GMOs .GMOs are organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These genetically modified organisms are seen to have both negative and positive effects in our society.One of the many examples of genetically modified animals are chickens. The main effect that chickens have on humans is the amount of chemicals are put inside them affects the human system. According to an online article written by Ultius , there is a bacteria that was created in the early 1900s that makes the chickens grow at a faster rate in order for companies to produce more chicken products at a faster and lower cost. The effects of these decisions were not studied early on, however, as time went on we have seen that there is a rise for health defects that are brought on because of these bacterias being placed inside chickens. Our bodies were made to intake natural ingredients, now these ingredients are no longer found in any of the food we intake. There has been studies that show that our food is one of the biggest causes of cancer. A documentary titled â€Å"What the Health†speaks of the truth that is hidden from the consumer about their food. In the documentary a young man goes on a journey to bring light into the issues that go on with our food. He later finds that many of the government associations that are meant to be supporting healthy eating are instead promoting it. Because GMOs help animals grow faster, the producer is able to make more money off the product in a faster rate. Although, we often don't want to accept it most of the things in life are businesses; even feeding people. We would rather feed people something that can make them sick or hurt them if it means these big companies are Martinez 3making more money for it. The business of GMOs has grown so big throughout the world that it is very rare and expensive to buy organic food because there not enough people supporting the idea behind local-GMO-free farms. This isn't only bad for the humans health but for the chickens. Chickens size in 1957 used to be 905 grams but now they have increased up to 4,202 grams which is about 9.2 pounds , chickens die because of their size and can't walk without getting tired or resting. They feed chickens so they could have bigger breast. Chickens are mistreated, they are put in a tight cage that they don't even fit in, this has cause them to break their legs because they are to big to fit in that cage. Chickens aren't the ones that are getting modified but the crops are. The chickens may also include viruses and bacteria.when they feed the chickens the crops contain chemicals which is not safe. Although there are many negatives to genetically modified chickens there can also be positive impacts to our society because of this animals. According to Techrepublic this doesn't only help grow more food but it has a positive impact on economies, and social perspective. This doesn't only benefit humans but it also helps to stop the H5N1 which is a bird flu. Since the chickens are bigger and help give us more food it helps humans to consume. When you go to the store to buy chicken their breast are bigger than usual so you get to eat more . Since the crops that they feed to chickens are modified it's more environmentally-friendly that results in more sustainable food product and Genetically modified crops require less fertilizer and fewer pesticides. There's not that many benefits for the chickens but there's a really huge advantages for the farmers and consumers. The genetically modified Chickens help farmers make more money because they spend less money producing more food. This also helps out companies/ Martinez 4 restaurants. For example KFC , their chicken had been modified because when you get their.chicken breast they are the size of your hand, but we get more food out of it and even get leftovers so we could eat that later again and save some money. So this also helps benefit us because not only do we get more food but it helps our environment and makes it look beautiful and healthy , it contributes to the sustaining of better air and water quality. There are many Pros and Cons about this issue. For us students at Olympian High School this issue is being talked about everywhere in school. The senior class is reading † Farm Sanctuary† a book written by activist and owner of a non-profit organization that focuses on raising awareness for the abuse of animals and the GMOs being used in our food. My sister is currently a senior and is also part of the Common Senior Experience committee, she has told me about meeting Gene Baur, the author of the book. As our society advances problems start to come up more and more; now more than ever is this issue being talked about. The main cause of diseases now comes from our own choice. Big organizations continue to tell us that we have to be careful with what we eat, however, many people don't have the resources to do so. Organic and GMO-free food is expensive and often hard to find in everyday grocery stores. Even as children we have a hard time eating healthy because many of us do not get to decide what we eat because our parents make it for us and we have no choice in whether we want to eat it or not. There are many negative parts to this issue, but maybe if we were given simple solutions that everyone, no matter their social status could use, we could eat better and also help the animals. Gene Baur suggested growing a garden outside you home with fresh fruits and vegetables; although, doing this is a lot of work the benefits outweigh the cost. Starting a garden can help Martinez 5you get free healthy food that does not harm the animals. There isn't a big price tag that comes along with it either, buying seeds from stores costs as much as 79 cents. People can take different stands on the issue and solutions are very hard to find especially since this has become such a natural thing in our environment, but nothing is impossible to do. In conclusion Genetically modified organisms are one of the most advanced technology in the world. GMOs not only have negative but also positive impact in people, farmers, environment and chickens. This is a big issue in society that is affecting everyone that has both negative and positive impacts. Source citedâ€Å"The Dangers Of Eating Genetically Modified Chickens† By Dante, Published september 11 2014.https://www.ultius.com/ultius-blog/entry/the-dangers-of-eating-genetically-modified-chicken.htmlâ€Å"Why Have Chickens Quadrupled In Size Since The 1950s?† By Melissa Cronin, Published October 7, 2014. https://www.thedodo.com/bigger-chickens-breed-select-754013461.htmlâ€Å"Genetically Modified Chickens† By Seattle Organic Restaurants.http://www.seattleorganicrestaurants.com/vegan-whole-foods/genetically-modified-chickens/.â€Å"Farm Sanctuary† Gene Boura GMO Essay Galilea Martinez 2/17/2018Mr.DavisPeriod 6