The One Strategy to Use for Chspe Essay Questions Samples Unveiled

The One Strategy to Use for Chspe Essay Questions Samples Unveiled Therefore, if you choose not to compose the SAT essay, you won't be in a position to apply to these schools. Colleges which don't require the SAT Essay fall into the consider and don't consider camps. ACT makes it tough to acquire a replica of your Writing essay, but College Board includes it as part of your internet report. You can likewise do the essays provided in the very first section of each one of the tests in the Official Study Guide. This section will examine two essays from the examples which were collected above so we are able to pull them apart and inquire into the criteria that result in a terrific college application essay. The same is true for writing during the SAT Essay part of the test. Chspe Essay Questions Samples for Dummies Some individuals would like school to begin later and some want it to stay the exact same as it currently is. If this is the case, you could be experiencing a mild form of what's referred to as test anxiety. In general, it was a superb experience. It took me about five years of teaching to start to learn that rubrics ought to be used daily to aid teachers continue being objective and maintain fairness whatsoever times. Chspe Essay Questions Samples Help! If there's a discrepancy between both scores, a third examiner will look at it. Grading massive wo rks, especially towards the conclusion of the school year, feels like it's an endless and mindless approach. Our report will reveal to you precisely what to do. This exceptional report removes the uncertainty and permits you to understand precisely what you need to learn about your CHSPE score. But it doesn't need to be. Much like any college enrollment, assessment tests might be required upon college entrance to influence the student's ability for placement in the acceptable courses. Possessing many admirers is 1 approach to turn into a celebrity, but it's not the best way to develop into a hero. The author demonstrates competent constraint of sentence structure and word choice though there are a couple of awkward phrases (To me when you examine the benefits and disadvantages, starting school for an early time is better''), they don't confuse meaning. If you don't feel as if you have enough time to compose essays by yourself, we will aid you, any instance of the day, seven days per week. Maintain a sense of humor and laugh from time to time. It's important to keep in mind precisely what the student would like to read,'' says Murphy. Effective teachers have lots of love and compassion. The better part of the essay employs standard English and English grammar. Therefore, you won't get a score for your essay. Learn more about the way the essay is scored. It gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. Yes, there's a person who can aid you with your essays expert essay writers at MyPerfectWords. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. Imagine the caliber of writing you'll receive from a low-cost essay writing service. There are several essay writing services that think they're the very best, and thus don't be cheated and check the legitimate collection of the very best. And they're the 2 keys to any terrific essay. The totally free CHSPE pdf book shows examples of essays and the way they're scored. The Demise of Chspe Essay Questions Samples It is recommended to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive prices. If you would like to get high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. If you like you may look online and find one which you like. We offer flexible system of discounts, but in addition our discount policy which allows you to conserve money on ordering essays at one time.

The Great Depression And Its Effects - 1011 Words

The Great Depression was a ten year, economic downward spiral in the U.S that spanned from 1929- 1939. The cause of the Great Depression was the fault of several contributing factors. First was the stock market crash that occurred on black Tuesday of October 1929. This was the major cause because stock holders lost more than 40 billion dollars, and although it regained some of its losses, by end of 1930 truly entered the Great depression. Stock prices reached a permanent plateau. 2 out of every 5 dollars a bank loaned were used to purchase stocks. The market peaked September 3 with production still down banks began to fail and fewer homes were built. Next were bank failures. Throughout the 1930’s over 9,000 banks failed. Bank deposits†¦show more content†¦Since the crash hoover worked tirelessly trying to fix the economy. He founded government agencies like, encouraged harmony among the labor force and local aid for public work, fostered corporation between government and business to stabilize prices, and found it difficult to balance the national budget. As the depr ession worsened the call grew for increased federal intervention and spending. He refused to involve federal government and enforced fixed prices, controlled businesses, of manipulated the value of the currency. All of these he felt were steps toward socialism. He also gave indirect aid to banks and local public work projects but refused to use federal money for direct aid to citizens, instead in used voluntarism to raise money. His opponents thought of him as being uncaring toward the everyday man. Although he was a philanthropist before his presidency during his reelection campaign he tried to convince Americans that the measures they were calling for might seem to help them short term but would be detrimental in the long run. He backed his ideals by announcing that he cared for America too much to destroy the countries foundation with deficit and socialist institutions. In the end he was indisputably defeated by Roosevelt in 1932. President Franklin D. Roosevelt took over as head of the oval office in 1933 and quickly began trying to both stabilize the economy and providing jobs and other forms of

Sports Direct Financial Performance Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2476 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction Sports Direct Plc is a profitable and successful with an immense potential for growth as indicated by the Price Earning ratio of 27.73 times (Appendix 1). The purpose of this essay is to analyse the financial performance of Sports Direct Plc based on the calculation of the profitability, liquidity, efficiency, solvency and investor ratios. Thereafter, the essay will compare the financial performance and position of Sports Direct Plc with that of JD Sports Fashion Plc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sports Direct Financial Performance Analysis" essay for you Create order Subsequently, the essay will provide a recommendation to the investors regarding the investment in Sports Directs shares. Finally, the essay will conclude by assessing the limitations of the financial analysis carried out based on the accounting ratios. Analysis of the financial performance of Sports Direct Plc and Comparison to a competitor JD Sports Fashion Plc Sports Direct Plcs revenue has grown by 23.8% from GBP 2,706m in 2013 to GBP 2,185.6m in 2014 (Sports Direct Plc, 2014). This success is underpinned by Sports Directs core strategy of expanding their product base (Sports Direct Plc, 2014). Sports Direct has not resorted to price cutting strategies in order to achieve this growth. This is evident by the improvement in its gross margin from 40.94% in 2013 to 42.68% in 2014 (Appendix 1). The product mix of Sports Direct is improving with its premium category products gaining greater acceptance in the market (Sport Direct Plc, 2014). Operating and net margins have witnessed a modest fall because the new stores that have opened to support the growing premium lifestyle divisions are performing slightly below the capacity (Sports Direct Plc, 2014). Sports Direct Plc has significantly outperformed JD Sports Fashion Plc in terms of the overall profitability despite of JD Sports Fashion Plc having a better gross margin (Appendix 1 and App endix 2). The sales channel mix of the two businesses is the key driver of the overall profitability. Although online sales grew for both the businesses, the growth in online sales was higher for Sports Direct Plc compared to JD Sports Fashion Plc contributing to the improved operating profit and net profit margin for Sports Direct Plc. Online sales typically attract lower overheads compared to the retail sales and can significantly contribute to improving profitability of a company (ICAEW, 2012). Current ratio and liquidity ratio are identified as key indicators of liquidity in a business (Robertson, 2007). The current ratio of Sports Direct Plc has fallen from 1.64 in 2013 to 1.06 in 2014 (Appendix 1). The fall in the current ratio for Sports Direct Plc is not reassuring and the absence of cash is worrying. Furthermore, weak quick ratio of 0.35 is indicative of weak liquidity position and could be indicative of inability of Sports Direct Plc to meet its short-term liabilities i n the future. JD Sports Fashion Plc has a better current and quick ratio compared to that of Sports Direct Plc. One of the important factors contributing to a poor liquidity position in Sports Direct Plc is the consumption of cash to facilitate expansion through opening new stores (Sports Direct Plc, 2014). Furthermore, higher inventory turnover days of 133 days for Sports Direct Plc compared to inventory turnover days of 105 for JD Sports Fashion Plc has also contributed to lower liquidity in Sports Direct Plc compared to the liquidity in JD Sports Fashion Plc (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). The purpose of calculating gearing ratios is to analyse the financing structure of the business (ICAEW, 2012). Gearing ratios reflect the level of risk attached to the company and the sensitivity of earnings and dividends to changes in profitability level (Grewal, 2014). The statements of financial position of the two businesses are significantly affected by their different capital structures. JD Sports Fashion Plc is more geared compared to Sports Direct Plc. Lower gearing compared to competitors for Sports Direct Plc can enhance its ability to raise more debt to fund future expansion. Sports Direct Plc inclination towards leasing assets and reliance on overdraft facilities contributes to its relatively low level of gearing. This may allow Sports Direct plc to have flexibility in operations and reduce its risk. Furthermore, the value of non-current assets in Sports Direct plc accounts is higher than the value of non-current assets in JD Sports Fashion Plc accounts (Sports Direct Plc, 2014: JD Sports Fashion Plc, 2015). This is indicative of its ability to raise capital through debt market to fund the future expansion. The purpose of calculating interest cover ratio is to assess the ability of a company to meet its interest obligations out of profits (Goyal and Goyal, 2012). Although the interest cover ratio for Sports Direct Plc has fallen from 22 times to 13 times an d is lower than the interest cover ratio of JD Sports Fashion Plc, it is still reflective of a healthy interest cover ratio and is indicative of Sport Direct Plcs ability to meet the interest obligations out of its profits. The purpose of calculating efficiency ratios is to analyse the managements effectiveness in running the business efficiently (Grewal, 2007). Efficiency ratios reflect managements ability to reduce the working capital requirement for a given level of activity (ICAEW, 2012a). Receivables collection days of 16 days highlight low level of credit sales, which is consistent with the retail nature of the business and enables Sports Direct Plc to manage its working capital efficiently. The increase in payables payment period from 48 days in 2013 to 56 days in 2014 further contributes to efficient working capital management (Appendix 1). This reflects Sports Direct Plcs ability to negotiate better payment terms with its suppliers. Furthermore, this is also indicative o f efficient management, as the gap of twenty-seven days in the payables payment period between the two companies in the prior year has been narrowed down to a gap of two days. The inventory turnover days are 133 days and 105 days for Sports Direct Plc and JD Sports Fashion Plc respectively (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). Furthermore, the inventory turnover days has increased by seven days from 2013 for Sports Direct Plc (Appendix 1). This is reflective of increased inventory holding cost for Sports Direct Plc. Rapid innovation of new products contributes to making previous product lines obsolete (ICAEW, 2013). This can impact the future margins because of the net realisable value for these products may drop significantly below its production cost (ICAEW, 2013). Management needs to invest more time in clearing up stock and improving the inventory turnover days because it can contribute to increasing the working capital requirement in the future. The purpose of calculating investor ra tios is to enable investors to assess the level of future returns and growth (ICAEW, 2012). Earning per share reflects the level of profit allocated to each outstanding share. Price earning ratio is one of the most commonly used ratios by the investors and reflect their level of confidence in a business (ICAEW, 2012). Increase in price earning ratio from 17.51 times in 2013 to 24.19 in 2014 reflects investors expectations of significant future earning growth and their willingness to pay a large multiple of historic earnings (Appendix 1). Price earning ratio of Sports Direct Plc is 24.19 times compared to price earning ratio of 14.33 times for JD Sports Fashion Plc. Lower price earning ratio is indicative of lower growth expectations by the investors (ICAEW, 2012). Advice to the investors regarding the purchase of Sports Direct Plc shares Investors principal concern in respect of the investment in the shares of a company is to be able to earn a good rate of return. Sports Direct Plc is fundamentally a profitable business. Furthermore, a price-earning ratio of 24.19 is reflective of the investors faith in the growth potential of the company (Appendix 1). However, the sales growth in the third quarter of 2015 is short of the comparable growth in the third quarter of 2014 (Ficenec, 2015). The slowdown in the growth rate and no dividend offered on the shares may make it an expensive buy in the short term. Furthermore, investment in Sports Direct may be prone to the cyclical risk as the clothing industry is directly linked with the macro economic cycles (ICAEW, 2012a). Nonetheless, slower growth in the current year is impressive given the macro economic environment in the United Kingdoms and Englands early exit from the world cup (Guardian, 2014). Furthermore, the company has invested heavily in the expansion of its prod uct base and its margins have improved despite of competitive environment and challenging macro economic environment (Sports Direct Plc, 2014). This investment in constant innovation has the potential to translate into benefits for the investors in the long term. Favourable capital structure of Sports Direct Plc as highlighted by the gearing ratios calculated in the appendix one also makes it an attractive investment. Based on the considerations above, the essay acknowledges that there are risks associated with the investment in the shares of Sports Direct Plc, nonetheless future returns from the investment is expected to outweigh the risks. Thus, the essay recommends investors to purchase the shares of Sports Direct Plc. Weaknesses of Ratio Analysis Although there are a lot of advantages of ratio analysis, it is not without weaknesses (Goyal and Goyal, 2012). One of the key weaknesses of ratio analysis is that the calculation of the ratios is contingent on the figures contained within the financial statements of a company. Thus, the results of the ratio analysis would be distorted if the underlying numbers in the financial statements are inaccurate (Grewal, 2014). Furthermore, seasonality in a business could limit the usefulness of ratio analysis (ICAEW, 2012). To illustrate this better, consider a toy retailer with a 31 December year-end. Majority of its sales is likely to be made in the last quarter of the year leading up to the Christmas. As a result, the inventory levels at the year-end might be at its lowest point throughout the year. Thus, calculating the relationship between inventory and cost of sales at the year-end to analyse managements efficiency in managing inventory levels would be misleading (ICAEW, 2012). Financial statements of different companies are affected by different estimates and assumptions made by the management (Whittington, 2007). Furthermore, accounting standards also may permit different companies within the same industry to apply different accounting policies (Whittington, 2007). This may impair the comparability of accounting ratios of different companies and limit its usefulness. Ratio analysis is historic in nature, while users of the financial statements are more concerned about the future (Gracia, 2007). It is common for businesses to have both good and bad ratios, which makes it difficult for the users of the financial statements to assess if its a good or a bad company (Grewal, 2014). Lastly, non-existence of ideal level of ratio makes it difficult for user of the financial statements to assess whether a particular trend is good or bad (Grewal, 2014). For example, a company with high current ratio may be interpreted as a good sign, however it could also b e indicative of lack of growth potential for a company as a result of which it is holding large reserves of cash (Grewal, 2014). Conclusion Sports Direct Plc has witnessed a significant growth over the past two years and has been profitable. However, declining profit margins in the past two years should be a key concern for the management of Sports Direct Plc. Nonetheless, despite the fall in the profit margin of Sports Direct Plc, it still outperforms the profit margins of its competitor JD Sports Fashion Plc. The management of Sports Direct Plc should strive to strike a balance between achieving growth and improving the profit margins of the business. Inefficient inventory management should be another key concern for the management of Sports Direct Plc. The inventory turnover period of 133 days seems to be high for a business in the fashion industry and could be indicative of aged obsolete inventory. The management should take immediate steps to clear up old stock to improve the working capital management. Lastly, the essay recommends the investors to purchase the shares of Sports Direct Plc because high PE ra tio, sales growth and expansion into new products are likely to translate into attractive returns for the shareholders in the future. References Ficenec, J., 2015, Questor share tip: Sell Sport Direct as growth slows, Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/questor/11424054/Questor-share-tip-Sell-Sport-Direct-as-growth-slows.html Gracia, L., 2007, Introduction to Financial Accounting, Harlow: Pearson. Grewal, T., 2014, Analysis of Financial Statements, New Delhi: Sultan Chand. Goyal, V., and Goyal, R., 2012, Corporate Accounting, 3rd edn. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Guardian, 2014, Who should take the blame for Englands early World Cup exit? https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/24/blame-england-world-cup-exit ICAEW, 2013, Financial Accounting and Reporting Study Manual, Exeter: Polestar Wheatons. ICAEW, 2012, Financial Reporting Study Manual, 6th edn. Exeter: Polestar Wheatons. ICAEW, 2012a, Financial Accounting Study Manual, 6th edn. Exeter: Polestar Wheatons. JD Sports Fashion Plc, 2015, Share Price. https://www.jdplc.com/investor-relations/share-price.aspx JD Sports Fashion Plc, 2015, 2015 Annual Report. https://www.jdplc.com/investor-relations/reports.aspx Robertson, J., 2007, Financial Ratio Analysis, 3rd edn. Lancaster: John Robertson. Sports Direct, 2015, Share Price Chart. https://www.sportsdirectplc.com/investor-relations/share-information/share-price-chart.aspx Sports Direct Plc, 2014, Annual Report 2014. https://www.sportsdirectplc.com/~/media/Files/S/Sports-Direct/annual-report/Annual%20Report%202014.pdf Whittington, G., 2007, Profitability, Accounting Theory and Methodology, New York: Routledge Appendix 1 Sports Direct Plc S.no. Ratio Year End 27th April 2014 Year End 28th April 2013 1 Gross Profit Margin 42.68% 40.94% 2 Operating Profit Margin 9.21% 9.75% 3 Net Profit Margin 6.64% 6.94% 4 Current Ratio 1.06 1.64 5 Quick Ratio 0.35 0.60 6 Interest Cover Ratio 13.06 times 22.39 times 7 Financial Gearing 8.15% 41.52% 8 Equity Gearing 25.93% 23.89% 9 Earning per share 32.1p 26.9p 10 Price Earning Ratio 24.19 times 17.51 times 11 Receivables Collection 16.6 days 16.1 days 12 Payables Payment Period 56.35 days 48.06 days 13 Inventory Turnover Period 133.07 days 126.39 days (Source: Sports Direct Plc, 2014) Note: The formulas used to calculate the ratios above are included in Appendix 3. Share prices used for calculating price earning ratios are 776.50 pence and 471.1 pence for the year-end 27th April 2014 and 28th April 2013 respectively (Sports Direct, 2015). Appendix 2 JD Sports Fashion Plc S.no. Ratio Year End 31st Jan 2015 Year End 1st Feb 2014 1 Gross Profit Margin 48.6% 48.7% 2 Operating Profit Margin 6.1% 6.4% 3 Net Profit Margin 3.5% 3.4% 4 Current Ratio 1.22 1.15 5 Quick Ratio 0.54 0.50 6 Interest Cover Ratio 33.24 times 48.46 times 7 Financial Gearing 19.9% 18.05% 8 Equity Gearing 27.2% 16.6% 9 Earning per share 35.17p 29.08p 10 Price Earning Ratio 14.33 times 13.88 times 11 Receivables Collection Period 12.9 days 20 days 12 Payables Payment Period 58.1 days 75.1 days 13 Inventory Turnover Period 104.9 days 108.8 days (Source: JD Sports Fashion Plc, 2015) Note: The formulas used to calculate the ratios above are included in Appendix 3. Share prices used for calculating price earning ratios are 503.00 pence and 403.50 pence for the year-end 31st Jan 2015 and 1st Feb 2014 respectively (JD Sports Fashion Plc, 2015). Appendix 3 Formulas S.no. Ratio Formula 1 Gross Profit Margin Gross Profits/Revenue * 100 2 Operating Profit Margin Profit from Operations/Revenue*100 3 Net Profit Margin Net Profit/Revenue * 100 4 Current Ratio Current Assets/Current Liabilities 5 Quick Ratio (Current Assets Inventory)/Current Liabilities 6 Interest Cover Ratio (Profit before interest Payable + Investment Income)/Interest Payable 7 Financial Gearing Long term liabilities/capital employed * 100 8 Equity Gearing Net Debt/Equity * 100 9 Earning per share (Net Profit Dividend on preference stock)/ No. Of shares 10 Price Earning Ratio Market Value of Share/ Earning per share 11 Receivables Collection Period Trade Receivables/Revenue*365 12 Payables Payment Period Trade Payables/cost of sales*365 13 Inventory Turnover Period Inventory/Cost of Sales * 365 (Source: ICAEW, 2012) Note: Capital Employed = Equity + Net Debt, where net debt = interest bearing debt (non-current and current) minus cash and cash equivalents

Implementing A New Training Program - 1475 Words

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Crisis Communications Essay - 1290 Words

Crisis Communications Crisis communication is the most important aspect of external and internal organization communication. This type of communication ranges from image restoration campaigns to employee turnover. In the articles that I have analyzed, I discovered many examples of crisis communications and its importance. I will discuss the Bridgestone-Firestone Corporation’s image restoration campaign and explain Benoit’s theory of image restoration. Also, I will discuss how crisis communications fits into public relations models. Two examples for discussion will be how supervisors should convey bad-news to their employees, and group communication within employee turnover. My last example for this discussion will be Bill†¦show more content†¦John E. Guiniven’s article â€Å"Dealing with Activism in Canada: An Ideal Cultural Fit for the Two-Way Symmetrical Public Relations Model† (2002) is a discussion on how public relations practitioners deal with different public is sues. 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During this period, the public, who may be affected by the crisis because they are found in the situation or their next of kin are involved in it, rely on a lot of information that is relayed by the media. Because of this, the media must

Influence of Motivation on Job Performance

Question: Discuss about theInfluence of Motivation on Job Performance. Answer: Introduction Due to the effect of globalization, there has been advancement in the field of technology. These advancements in the technology took the business to its heights by demanding more efficiency and productivity in the business. The enhancements in the efficiency in business are the resultant of the increase in performances that will help in meeting the challenges to take the business ahead in the competition. Therefore the increase in the performance of the employees of the organization is much important for getting better outcomes for the development of the organization (Buchanan, 2012). That is the reason job performance can be better described as the crucial part of the psychological condition of the organization. It can be said as the performance of the employees in the organization which is directly related to the outcome of the organization. As per Karen Jacobs et al., job performance can be described as the exact action of an individual in the completion of the task or job. He has defined job performance as the process of reaching the goal of an individual within its job role in an organization (Dent Whitehead, 2013). Similarly, job performances were said to be individual dependent by Campbell. He described that the performance of an individual in an organization is something that can be done by that individual only for the achievement of success. Concept of Motivation Motivation is the word showing various meanings according to the context and situation. In this context, the concept of motivation is the action taken by the higher officials of the organization to have the encouragement in the employees of that organization. So motivation is such an action that makes the individual to get a motive to act upon the work. As per the study of Garrison et al., motivation can define as the particular attribute that gives the instinct of whether to do or not to do a particular work (Owusu, 2012). In other words, Guay et al. have defined the motivation as the term that is somehow meant the reasons that show the behaviour. But while going through the organizational context or workplace, the term motivation has been defined as the behaviour of an individual in the organization for having a purpose to achieve some particular needs of the organization by Williams (Onanda, 2015). Similarly, some other authors had described it as the force that drives the individ ual or the employee in fulfilling the goals of the organization. The amount of motivation within the employees makes the fulfilment of the commitment of the organization simultaneously giving them their identification in that organization (Muogbo, 2013). The achievement of the goals of the organization makes the connection of the employees with the organization very good. In detail, it can be said that the motivation in the employees of the organization makes up the interests of the employees for their job which enhances the job performances that increases the outcome of the organization. That is the reason motivation can also be defined as the activity that basically concerns about the attitudes of the individual or employee which gives rise to the action of completion of goals. Impact of Motivation on Job Performances Organizations usually face a very strong environment of pressure in the competitive market to carry out the efficiency in the products and to get back the value of the product. For this reason, the employees of that organization make up their belief in the completion of goals to enhance the value of the organization (Kleinbeck, 1987). Due to this, the employees go through a motivational process which makes them change their attitude in the completion of the task or job. This process will also take up to the satisfaction of the employees in their job role. To explain this relation of motivation with the job performances or the impact of motivation on job performances, there is the existence of such theory. Such a theory is the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. This particular theory has been formulated in the year 1943 in the paper A Theory of Human Motivation by the psychologist Abraham Maslow. He had described in his theory regarding the focus of the employer on the basic needs of the employees which will make them feel motivated (Buchanan, 2012). It was discussed in the theory that if the needs of the employees had been fulfilled it will make them sincere in achieving the goals of the organization and taking the organization to higher levels. For this reason, Maslow in is theory made a hierarchy of the needs of the employees which are required to get fulfilled. Those are the physiological needs, safety needs, love or belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. This hierarchy of needs is arranged in such an order that it m eets all the basic needs of the individual. Physiological needs cover up the needs those required by the individuals for survival. In the same way, the safety, esteem, and love or belonging needs take the matter of securities along with feeling confident in the organization and fulfilling the personal needs respectively. The last one is the self-actualization which means the fulfilment of the desire of the employee to achieve the every possible goal as much as he can for better outcomes of the organization (Dent Whitehead, 2013). The completion of the hierarchical base of needs of the employee of an organization creates a satisfactory environment within the organization. This satisfaction within the employee motivates them to work hard with confidence for the achievement of the goals. Therefore the theory of Maslow Hierarchy has shown that the motivation in the employees came out from the satisfaction of the employees in their job role which creates a positive impact on the job performances of the employees. There must be the action of the motivation of employees within the organization which will be helpful in churning out the decreased amount of performances (Jiang et al., 2012). The motivated employees were much aware of their self-actualization and kept their actions consistent with achieving the goals of the company. Hence it can be said that there is having much influence of motivation on the job performances of the employees of the organization. Relationship Between Motivation and Job Performance Motivation and job performance both in a combination works out for the growth of the organization. JOURNALS DETAILS OF THE JOURNALS Onanda, B., 2015. The Effects of Motivation on Job Performance A Case Study of KCB Coast Region.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. The article shows the case study and its results of the investigations that have been done to check out the effect of motivational process on the performances of the organization. Muogbo, U.S., 2013. The Influence of Motivation on Employees Performance: A Study of Some Selected Firms in Anambra State.AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities,2(3), pp.134-151. The article focussing towards the influence of motivation upon the performances of the employees of some of selected forms of Anambra State (Muogbo, 2013). Kleinbeck, U., 1987. The effects of motivation on job performance. InMotivation, intention, and volition(pp. 261-271). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. The article goes through the documentation basing upon the literature work which is showing the influences of the motivation on the employees of the organization and which directs the process leading to action of performances in employees. Owusu, T., 2012.EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF GHANA COMMERCIAL BANK, KUMASI ZONE(Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology). This article pays attention towards the process of fulfilment of the goals of the organization. It is mentioned in the article regarding the demands of the employee to enhance their motivation that will increase their performances . Uzonna, U.R., 2013. Impact of motivation on employees' performance: A case study of CreditWest Bank Cyprus.Journal of Economics and International Finance,5(5), p.199. The article mentioned here focus on the working procedure of the management that will enhance the process of employee motivation which will eventually increase the job performance by satisfying the employees of the organization (Uzonna, U.R., 2013). In the first article, Belly Onanda had gone through an investigation on the employees of an organization. There he had selected few branches, i.e, 7 KCB branches in the country of Mombasa, where he had studied the effect of the motivational activities. The effect of these motivational activities had been checked to evaluate the performances of the employees of that organization. Therefore the investigation that the author carried out here showed that the organization is going through many efforts which will make their employees motivated which will turn the decreased performances into increased one. Thus the study that the author had carried out made great achievements by having motivation with the employees which will make the organization to make their stand amongst the competitors by enhancing the performances. Similarly, in the second article, the author US Muogbo had gone through the details of the motivational activities that are having their importance in enhancing motivation. In this article, author had discussed in detail regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which affects the performances of the employees in its own ways. The author in this study took the population of around 100 workers working in the manufacturing forms of State of Anambra (Muogbo, 2013). The work in this article is majorly involved in describing the statistics of the influence of the motivation on the work performances of the organization. Here the effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are shown, but the performances of the employees are irrespective of the intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. The important part is only motivation that enhances the performances of the employees. Therefore the author of this article found out that the employers are very much concerned regarding the performances of the employees and that is why very much active in regulating the rules and policies that are enhancing the performances. The author of the third article is U. Kleinbeck. Here there is the documentation of the literature work that the author has done to evaluate the influence of motivation on the job performances of the employees (Kleinbeck, 1987). The article gave the statement that the motivation can be said to be as the action that is goal directed which also enhances the performances going through the theories to mention the relationship between the motivation and performance. Coming to the fourth article, it was studied by Thomas Owusu. In this article, he had gone through case study and effects of motivation on the performances of employees of Ghana Commercial Bank of Kumasi Zone (Owusu, 2012). He had discussed in this article regarding the relationship between the performances of employee and corporate which needs promotion and regular motivation of the employees. The last article is also a case study done by Ukaejiofo Rex Uzonna, in which there is the description of the working procedure of the management in keeping their employees in control (Uzonna, U.R., 2013). The article focuses on the satisfaction of the employees by going through motivational activities which makes the organization in achieving its goals with high level of performance and much efficiency. Proposition Motivation influences Job Performance in that case where there are less consideration of hygiene factors than motivational factors. Conclusion From the above sources and the studies, it is very much clear that there has been a deep relationship between the motivation and job performances of the employees of an organization. It is evident from the studies that the motivated employees contribute towards the increase in performances of the organization, hence taking the organization to a high level by achieving the required goals. The study also shows that the quality of the service and the profitability of the organization can be uninterrupted if the employees of that organization are highly motivated. Therefore from this study, it is clear that motivation has a positive and significant influence on the job performances of an organization. References Buchanan, D., 2012. Organizational Behaviour at Cranfield University School of Management. He has a doctorate in Organizational Behaviour from Edinburgh University and is author/co-author of over two dozen books, including The Sage handbook of organizational research methods (with Alan Bryman, Sage.Leadership in the Public Sector: Promises and Pitfalls. Dent, M. and Whitehead, S. eds., 2013.Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativities and the'new'professional(Vol. 19). Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A. and Winkler, A.L., 2012. Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human Resource Management Review,22(2), pp.73-85. King, D. and Lawley, S., 2016.Organizational behaviour. Oxford University Press. Kooij, D.T., Tims, M. and Akkermans, J., 2016. The influence of future time perspective on work engagement and job performance: the role of job crafting.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, pp.1-12. Kleinbeck, U., 1987. The effects of motivation on job performance. InMotivation, intention, and volition(pp. 261-271). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Kapp, E.A., 2012. The influence of supervisor leadership practices and perceived group safety climate on employee safety performance.Safety science,50(4), pp.1119-1124. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Muogbo, U.S., 2013. The Influence of Motivation on Employees Performance: A Study of Some Selected Firms in Anambra State.AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities,2(3), pp.134-151. Onanda, B., 2015. The Effects of Motivation on Job Performance A Case Study of KCB Coast Region.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Owusu, T., 2012.Effects of Motivation on employee Performance:A case Study of Ghana Commercial bank,kumasi (Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology). Resick, C.J., Giberson, T.R., Dickson, M.W., Wynne, K.T. and Bajdo, L.M., 2013. Person-Organization Fit, Organizational Citizenship, and Social-Cognitive Motivational Mechanisms.A. Kristof-Brown, y J. Billsberry, Organizational Fit: Key Issues and New Directions, pp.99-123. Smith, P., Farmer, M. and Yellowley, W., 2013.Organizational behaviour. Routledge. Storey, J. ed., 2016.Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Wilson, F.M., 2013.Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455. Uzonna, U.R., 2013. Impact of motivation on employees' performance: A case study of CreditWest Bank Cyprus.Journal of Economics and International Finance,5(5), p.199.

Case study on Forensic Investigation in Cyber Crime

Question: Write an essay on Forensic Investigation in Cyber Crime. Answer: In the recent years, the technological developments and enhancements have acted as a contributing factor in number of cases. But with these elevating numbers of cases of developments increase in the number of cases of major cyber crimes can also be noticed. In this regard one may expect to view cases of justice in relation of these major cases of injustice. It is required to be mentioned over here that due to these technological enhancements, the job of the forensic interrogators are becoming difficult as well (Kallenbach Sam, 2013). The reason behind this being the fact that, it is the responsibility of the professionals to bring out the fact and highlight upon the finding so that the crime can be produced in front of the court and achieve justice, but due to the technological enhancements it is becoming difficult on the part of the forensic interrogators to bring out the truth. In this context Marys Case can be referred. Cyber Stalking- Marys Case Mary was a student of a public university in Australia. She was in her late twenties. Suddenly she started receiving emails and messages that contained sexual elements and statements. Due to this, she took help from her parents. From the received messages it could be comprehended that the sender was well aware of her surrounding, close people and the university that she attended. But, from the mails and the messages that she received, the identity of the sender could not be traced. Her father became concerned for the fact that, the sender might be using personally identifiable information that are available regarding Mary on internet he did an online research. With the help of this research it is revealed to him that in number of in number of posting on erotic sites, comments that mentioned Mary by name were present. It is mentionable here that, it seemed to them that these websites were hosted overseas. In such situation her parents was of the opinion that police lacked the effectiv eness or capacity to deal with the situation (Brown1, 2015). Thus in their opinion, the police were incapacity to handle the situation and so it was out of their control. On the other hand, Mary was naturally very embarrassed of the whole situation and was of the perception that the whole situation was not serious enough that required to be reported. Concept of Cyber Crime In order to perform any form of forensic investigation regarding online crime it is of vital importance to have a clear idea of the concept of cyber crime. There exist different notions among criminologist, police, lawyers and the professionals regarding the perception or the concept of cyber crime. On the basis of the legal instrument or organization that explains concept of cyber crime the definition varies. The contrast in the concept of cyber crime can be noticed form the explanations as provided by Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC). In the opinion of ACPO, in e-Crime, involvement of the use of internet technology can be noticed in the completion of a crime. On the contrary, AIC is of the opinion that, e-crime is a usual form of crime like any other crime in which data storage or communications device is used in order to commit a crime. Thus on a general and broader perspective, cyber crime is the performance of criminal act ivities in the completion of which cyber domain is associated. From the above made discussion it can be commented that, in order investigate case like that of Marys case it is essential to determine that aspects like committing the crime with the help of ICT, the activity was performed in such a manner so as to inflict harm against the person or organization, the inflicted harm is of such a nature that could cause a threat to the targeted persons owned tangible or intangible properties and under the jurisdiction of the accused or victim the action is criminalized. In context of Marys case, it can be noticed that the mails and messages send to her involves the use of ICT, it attempted at affecting her image due to which, under her right or jurisdiction it is criminalized, consequently clearly reflecting the fact that cyber crime has been committed in this case (Gerdes, 2009). Legal and Ethical Dimensions in Cyber Crime In Marys case the ethical dimension lies on the fact that Mary, who is the victim in this case avoids filing a case against the criminal. Ethically she was supposed to lodge a complaint against such criminal behavior. But because of her negligence and embarrassment from the whole situation she avoids doing so, which is ethically wrong. Similarly, when she took help from her parents, it was their duty to guide her to take the right and strong step against such crimes, which they did not perform as well (Overill, 2004). It was ethically wrong in this case because posting sexually explicit elements against an individual without his or her consent as in case of Mary, causes in affecting their image adversely and are also reasons for mental trauma. Most important among all the aspects, the criminal who committed the crime did not only perform a legally wrong act but it was ethically also unjust which required taking steps against. There are number of legal dimensions that are open to Mary which she could have explored in such a situation some of those options are- taking steps under The Computer Misuse Act 1990, Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, Data Protection Act, Criminal Code Act 1995 etc (Kallenbach Sam, 2013). Data collection in cyber crime Stored Communications Unlike any usual investigation where evidences are gathered after the occurrence of the on the part of the police, in case of cyber crime, investigators are required to trace back communications to a source and retrieve information regarding the communication. In case of investigation of such cases, identifying individuals who are using a domain name and IP address at a given point of time is the primary stage of investigation in such cases on the part of investigators. Not only that, assuming that an individual is performing the role of forensic investigator in Marys case, he or she may traffic data, subscriber data, content data from the service provider along with that MAC address of the computer user may also be collected by the investigator with the help of which the criminal can be easily identified. Thus, by securing data from the criminals used physical devises in order to certify to the subscriber, content and transitional data the forensic investigator can create a correlat ion between the crime and he criminal (Reyes, 2007). In Marys case, if the investigator could successfully collect the above mentioned data then identification of the culprit could have been simple and easy that could enable her to get the required justice. The entire process of data and information collection regarding the criminal can be more effective and easy on the part of the forensic investigators by the incorporation of number of tools and technologies which have become available to them because of the technological enhancements. The some of the available tools and technologies are- Remote Administrator Tools (RAT), use keystroke loggers which would contribute in monitoring keyboard entries, installing cameras in order to keep a track of passwords and physically link activities with a particular user, and activate packet sniffers which would contribute in preventing communications and collect information regarding a specific network. Incorporation of the DNA technology while performing forensic technology can also be a helpful in revealing the facts during the investigation. Evaluating the functions and features of digital forensic technologies Offending with the help of technology Technological enhancements are changing the nature of crimes that are committed across the globe. Moreover, this technology gives the crime a transnational feature. As a result of which it becomes difficult on the part of the existing legal frame work to deal with the nature of occurrence of these committed crimes. The reason being the fact that, there exist numbers of extraterritorial legal acts for these crimes, but turns out to be ineffective because during the processing of these cases, the criminal may be arrested under one jurisdiction while under the provisions of another country the acquired digital evidences may be required to be processed that makes the entire process complicated. In Marys case, the presence of transnational elements can be clearly noticed. The cyber technology provides the criminals with feature of anonymity due to which it becomes difficult to trace them and provide the victims with justice in spite of the fact that legal proceeding in these cases are ver y inexpensive. As it can be seen in Marys case that her father could easily perceive the fact on the basis of the research, the crime was being committed from some other nation. This fact made it difficult on their part in indentifying the culprit and taking proper step to achieve justice. It is mentionable here that the technology acts as a web in connecting one country with another which facilitates the occurrence of these form of crime and on the part of the performer of the crimes, as compared to the usual nature of crime, they implement a different strategies and techniques for the performance of these criminal behavior (Bryant, 2008). Composing technical tactics in cyber crime and assess the steps involved in it In order to gather evidences, reconstruct events along with it fulfill other requirements that are essential in a forensic investigation there are number of tactics that could be implemented. Among those number of tactics, Evidence flow model could be help. It can act as a contributing factor in not just preserving or examining digital evidences (Nykodym, Taylor, Vilela, 2005). It is helpful in complete explanation of the entire process of flow of information while performing an investigation in cyber crime. It elaborates the flow of information of since the time when the investigation is alerted till the investigators successfully reaches a conclusion. With the help of this model at each step of investigation appropriate management can be implemented in terms of the handling the evidences or the interactions which occurs that are related to the investigation. Thus, the entire case can be dealt effectively, along with the effective performance of the duties on the part of each inves tigators and analyze the availed data appropriately which leads in reaching to the right conclusion of the case. The steps that are involved while performing a forensic investigation are: The first step is verification in which it is determined whether the reported case has actually taken place or not. This step acts as an edifice for the further proceeding, identifying, collecting and preserving the data. This step is followed by system description in which data are gathered related to the specific case. In order to begin gathering data in this stage it is required to begin taking notes and convey and describe the chosen system in order to analyze the evidences. The next step is evidence acquisition. In this step, the sources of data are identified; followed by acquiring volatile as well as non-volatile data; verify the authenticity of the acquired data and assure their possession. Time analysis is its following step in which investigation is started and analysis of the acquired information are done forensic lab. This step is followed by media and artifact analysis in which relevant questions are tried to be solved and answered. Byte search is its next step which is followed by data recovery. In the data recovery stage, from the collected files, efforts will be made to recover data. This final stage is reporting results in which one is required to report the result of the result of the analysis (ROCHA, 2014). Preparation and defending reports of the investigations report In the conclusion it can be stated that there are number of aspects that are required to be kept in mind while dealing with a cyber crime especially if it is a transnational case. Cyber technology acts like a web that connects every nation with one other. As a result of these developments on one side it has become easier for the researcher to analyze these cases on the other hand it facilitates these crimes as well as it helps the criminals in getting an anonymous identity which makes it difficult on the part of the investigators to identify them. Most importantly, all the incorporation of these technologies become futile if the victim do not report against such cases as it can be seen in Marys case. Then not only the culprit goes away unpunished but these technological developments and laws against such cases become meaningless. So, on a fundamental level it is essential to report such cases which may result in taking effective steps against such cases and in turn results in the eli mination of occurrence of such cases (Katos Bednar, 2008). References Brown1, S. (2015). International Journal of Cyber Criminology - Vol 8 Issue 2 June- December 2014. Cybercrimejournal.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.cybercrimejournal.com/ Bryant, R. (2008). Investigating digital crime. Chichester, England: J. Wiley Sons. Cyber Crime: Critical View. (2016). IJSR, 5(1), 85-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/v5i1.nov152579 Gerdes, L. (2009). Cyber crime. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Hynson, C. (2012). Cyber crime. Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media. Kallenbach, P. Sam, S. (2013). MinterEllison. Minterellison.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.minterellison.com/ Katos, V. Bednar, P. (2008). A cyber-crime investigation framework. Computer Standards Interfaces, 30(4), 223-228. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2007.10.003 Nykodym, N., Taylor, R., Vilela, J. (2005). Criminal profiling and insider cyber crime. Digital Investigation, 2(4), 261-267. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diin.2005.11.004 Overill, R. (2004). Reacting to cyber intrusions: the technical, legal and ethical dilemmas. Journal Of Financial Crime, 11(2), 163-167. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590790410809095 Reyes, A. (2007). Cyber crime investigations. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub. Reyes, A. (2007). Cyber crime investigations. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub. ROCHA, L. (2014). Count Upon Security. Count Upon Security. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://countuponsecurity.com